Abstract
Microsatellite loci were used for estimating mating system for three populations ofB. gymnorrhizaandK. obovata(Rhizophoracea) in Okinawa, Japan. Mother trees and thirty offspring of individual samples representing the population of both species were genotyped at five microsatellites. The mating system was examined using two approaches: a mixed mating model of multilocus testing, implemented by MLTR program and outcrossing rate from the level of inbreeding. Mating system analysis showed multilocus outcrossing rates (tm) for both species was 0.850-1.000 and 0.780-0.938 respectively. By contrast, according to inbreeding level, tm was lower than MLRT: 0.495-1.028 and 0.480-0.612 of both species respectively. However, biparental inbreeding (tm- ts) was diverse from zero both species for all three populations, showing that cross-fertilization events may ensue between the relatives both species. This data as well means the genetic relatedness (r) forB. gymnorrhizaandK. obovatawere 0.108±0.025 and 0.032±0.09 respectively. Average relatedness was below 0.25, the value for a half-sib relationship. These results suggest that postulation of a half-sib relationship among progeny of open-pollinated families is opposed for both mangrove tree species.
Highlights
Mangroves are typically tropical and sub-tropical coastal vegetation
The mangrove area at Okukubi River mouth and Katabaru River, Okinawa are colonized by four principal species: B. gymnorrhiza, K. obovata, R. stylosa, and L. racemosa
* Corresponding author: m.basyuni@usu.ac.id population genetic structure and mating system of mangrove tree species is essential to establish an active network of conservation populations [13]
Summary
Mangroves are typically tropical and sub-tropical coastal vegetation. they extend into subtropical environments in southernmost Japan. One of the critical characterizations of mangroves, Rhizophoracea is the production of viviparous offspring Their seeds develop into seedling while they are still attributed to the mother tree. The level of gene flow through seed dispersal and mating system of a species play an essential role in responsible to population genetic structure. Population genetic structure and mating system of mangrove tree species is essential to establish an active network of conservation populations [13]. The present objective study was to investigate two mangrove species, B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata (Rhizophoraceae), concerning its mating system and genetic relatedness using microsatellite markers. Information on mating system factors will clarify the profile of population genetic structure and contribute to the conservation, management, and mangrove tree genetic resources utilization
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