Microorganisms in the biological control of root-knot nematode: A metanalytical study

Tatiana Benedetti,Ivan Ricardo Carvalho,Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi,Elisangela Sordi,Jaqueline Huzar-Novakowiski

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15209

Tatiana Benedetti, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15209

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Abstract

Nematodes can cause annual losses in the order of 100 billion dollars in crops worldwide. Its control using chemical nematicides proves to be quite aggressive to the environment. For this reason, the management of microorganisms has been promising. However, it is essential to know the control potential of each organism. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of different microorganisms in the biological control of Meloidogyne sp. A systematic review of the literature was carried out from 2000 to 2020 with the keywords “Meloidogyne and biology control", resulting in 659 articles, of which 51 were pre-selected and, after the more detailed evaluation, was selected ten published articles. These ten articles generated a total of 83 studies for meta-analyses. Each study included a treatment group using some microorganisms (bacteria, fungus, actinomycetes) for nematode biocontrol, a control group without using biocontrol agents. From this meta-analysis, we can observe that the use of microorganisms decreased the number of galls (42.05%), the number of eggs (57.77%), the gall index (28.58%) and the eggs mass (53.48%). The use of microorganisms was also positive in increasing root mass (832.89%). We can conclude that the use of microorganisms proved to be efficient in controlling nematodes M. javanica and M. incognita. The fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium have more significant potential for biocontrol for these species.

Highlights

Nematodes consist of soil pathogens that affect diverse cultures worldwide (Coyne et al, 2018; Vos et al, 2012; Wesemael et al, 2011)
We have carried out a more detailed analysis of the works using the following criteria: (i) articles written in English or Portuguese; (ii) studies that presented the mean and a dispersion measure as a coefficient of variation, standard error, or standard deviation; (iii) the studies should have been conducted in a greenhouse; (iv) only biological control treatments; (v) studies should report results on the control of Meloidogyne sp
Each study included a treatment group with a microorganism and a control group

Summary

Introduction

Nematodes consist of soil pathogens that affect diverse cultures worldwide (Coyne et al, 2018; Vos et al, 2012; Wesemael et al, 2011). The losses caused by these organisms in crops reach $ 100 million per year (Coyne et al, 2018; FosuNyarko & Jones, 2015). Parasitism can reach up to 100% in cases with no efficient management (Wesemael et al, 2011). Some control measures are used in the manage these organisms, aiming at maintaining populations at low levels while maintaining the viability of the area. Due to the growing concern with environmental impacts, several effective chemical nematicides in the management of nematode have been restricted worldwide (Hol & Cook, 2005; Schouteden et al, 2015). The search for alternative forms of controls, including the use of biological control organisms, has been gaining prominence in the international scenario in recent decades (Harrier & Watson, 2004; Ruanpanun et al, 2010; Strom et al, 2020; Wesemael et al, 2011)

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