Microgrid control design with RES and electric vehicle integration

Abstract

In this chapter, the mathematical modelling of a hybrid smart grid system is undertaken and various strategies for the load frequency control of microgrid are discussed. Various components of a hybrid microgrid system are considered, namely biodiesel engine generator, photovoltaic cell, wind turbine generator, diesel generator, battery energy storage system, ultracapacitor and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The working of these components is expounded and the corresponding linearized transfer function models are formulated. The integration of microgrid, which is a building block of a smart grid into the power system, however, leads to frequency deviations in a power system owing to the stochastic nature of renewable sources of energy and random fluctuations in load demand. The load frequency control of microgrids is undertaken via the design of a secondary controller using the linearized active disturbance rejection control technique. To demonstrate the load frequency control of a hybrid microgrid, an elaborate case study and a comprehensive analysis is conducted. The nature of load perturbations is considered as step variations to explain the load sharing mechanism, and random variations to mimic the practical load conditions prevailing in a particular area. The simulation results exhibit the efficacy of the controller design technique.