Microdosimetry with a 3D silicon on insulator (SOI) detector in a low energy proton beamline

Angela Kok,Andreas Tefre Samnøy,Kristian S Ytre-Hauge,Anatoly Rosenfeld,Eirik Malinen,Marco Povoli,Anand Summanwar,Dieter Röhrich,Linh Tran

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109078

Abstract

IntroductionAn accurate description of the radiation quality of proton beams is a precondition to increase our understanding of radiobiological mechanisms and to develop accurate biological response models for radiotherapy. However, there are few detectors capable of measuring microdosimetric quantities with high spatial resolution along the entire Bragg curve due to the rapid increase in stopping power at the Bragg peak (BP) and distal dose fall-off (DDF). The aim of this work was to measure the microdosimetric spectra along the Bragg curve in a low energy proton beamline used for radiobiological experiments with a novel 3D silicon-on-insulator (SOI) “mushroom” microdosimeter. MethodA silicon microdosimeter with an array of 3D structured diodes, creating well-defined sensitive volumes (SV) with excellent spatial resolution was used for microdosimetry. The microdosimeter was used to measure microdosimetric spectra and the relative dose throughout the Bragg curve of a 15 MeV proton beam by sequential insertion of 16 μm thick polyamide absorption films in front of the microdosimeter. The results were tissue corrected with a novel correction function and compared to Monte Carlo (MC) simulations performed in GATE. ResultsThe measured dose-mean lineal energy (yD‾) increased from 8 keV/μm at the entrance to 24 keV/μm at the BP, rising to a maximum of 35 keV/μm at the DDF. The measured yD‾ showed an overall good agreement with the MC simulated values, with deviation of less than 2% at the BP and DDF, while the largest deviation (12%) was found at the entrance. Clear changes in microdosimetric spectra were seen for each 16 μm step at the BP and DDF. ConclusionThe SOI microdosimeter with its well-defined 3D sensitive volumes is an excellent tool for characterizing low energy beamlines that demands very high spatial resolution. The good overall agreement between experimental and simulated results indicated that the detector is capable of accurate microdosimetric measurements.

Highlights

An accurate description of the radiation quality of proton beams is a precondition to increase our understanding of radiobiological mechanisms and to develop accurate biological response models for radiotherapy
This gave a mean proton beam energy of 15.23 MeV with 0.04 MeV standard deviation in energy just prior to the beam exit window, which was used in all further simulations
The results showed reasonable agreement with GATE/GEANT4 Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the entrance and plateau region, and very good agreement at the Bragg peak (BP) and the distal dose fall-off (DDF)

Summary

Introduction

An accurate description of the radiation quality of proton beams is a precondition to increase our understanding of radiobiological mechanisms and to develop accurate biological response models for radiotherapy. The need to reduce uncertainties in proton RBE-models are evident from a recent comparison of such models, as presented by (Rørvik et al, 2018) These uncertainties are likely to stem from both varying biological as well as experimental conditions, and it is of high importance to reduce the experimental uncertainties to accurately describe the action of ionizing radiation on living matter. In order to reduce uncertainties, the beam quality should be determined precisely at the position of the cells in a radiobiological experiment to reduce the uncertainty of RBE as a function of beam quality, either through benchmarked LET calculations or by microdosimetric measurements. This can be achieved by using silicon microdosimeters

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