Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species due to increased energy demand during physical exercise can increase the cellular and blood oxidation state. The reducing power of biological samples reflects its antioxidant capacity, largely maintained by Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants (LMWA), which donate electrons to radical species. LMWA include antioxidants such as uric acid, vitamins C and E and lipoic acid, among others. The electroanalytical technique of Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) presents a good methodological alternative to quantify acute and chronic modulations of the antioxidant capacity from biological fluids in response to metabolic adaptations caused by physical exercise. However, when biological samples are analyzed, proteins are an important preanalytical interfering in the technique. The proteins can be adsorbed on the electrode surface during the potential application, resulting in a significant decrease of voltammetric signal. The aim of the present study was to investigate the applicability of cationic surfactant Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) as a micellar system for the improvement of DPV technique for serum and saliva analysis. Forty individuals' samples were analyzed. The obtained data revealed that the use of CPC increased the sensitivity and stability of the voltammetric signal, enabling the application of the method DPV for serum and saliva samples. Our data suggest that the voltammetric signal of samples is influenced mainly by the uric acid concentration.
Highlights
The quantification of antioxidants has become a topic of increasing interest in interdisciplinary research works involving pathologies and physical exercise [1,2,3,4,5]
For all serum and saliva analysis voltammograms, the Ep values shifted toward lower positive potential values in the presence of Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) (p
The results presented in this work demonstrate that the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) method combined with the cationic micellar system of CPC can be considered a direct measure of the antioxidant because the results are based only on the physico-chemical properties of the antioxidant compounds, without the use of reactive species
Summary
The quantification of antioxidants has become a topic of increasing interest in interdisciplinary research works involving pathologies and physical exercise [1,2,3,4,5]. The antioxidants can be classified in two groups: enzymatic and non-enzymatic or low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA). The enzymatic antioxidants include a relatively small number of specific enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and the system of glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase. LMWA include many compounds, which can be considered mainly responsible for total antioxidant capacity of tissues and biological fluids [8,9]. LMWA are located within ROS targets and specific sites of ROS generation in the cells. They interact directly with ROS (radical scavengers) and indirectly, chelating metals ions involved in ROS formation. LMWA, synthesized by the cells, can originate from the diet or can be derived from waste products [9,10]
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