Mexico’s Ethnic Conflict

Abstract

In this chapter, Martin describes the social and political movements that have impacted ethnic minorities in Mexico. Detailed history is presented as it provides insight into the current identity of ethnic minorities and associated treatment by the government. Suggestions for improvement through government policy are offered. The actions and effects of the Zapatista Movement are examined as an influential force through which different groups of minority Indians came together to work toward equal inclusion in power, politics, and economics while still being appreciated as culturally different. This movement is emphasized as it provided several positive changes for Indian minorities, including the government permitting education in native languages and building more schools in Indian communities. Martin notes that ethnic pride among local Indians has increased as a result of the government rejection of proposed legislation to promote equality and diversity. The author explains the government efforts to reduce ethnic tension through application of the term Mestizo to all people as an attempt to ignore cultural differences. Historical origins and meanings of “Mestizo” are explored as Martin describes this term from the Indian perspective as a representation of colonial domination and rejection of indigenous knowledge and culture. This is noted as indicative of the ongoing struggle for Indian identity in Mexico. Martin suggests several things the government of Mexico can do in order to improve ethnic relations, which include recognizing indigenous people as both Indian and Mexican, providing better schools in order for Indians to be competitive economically, and equality of political representation. It is noted that the government is currently working with the people to enact change.