Methods and software of heat balance assessment of architectural objects

Abstract

The complex analysis of the software for calculating the thermal balance of buildings and rational methods of graphical modeling have been performed. On the basis of consideration of available methods and software tools for designing energy efficient buildings, calculation of their energy efficiency indicators, the functional capabilities of these tools were determined and their limitations in certain possibilities were noted. A critical review of the following techniques and software has been completed:1. "Instruction for the development and drawing up of an energy passport of houses for new construction and reconstruction". Allows to calculate the total heat losses of the house through the enclosure; calculation of heat receipts during the heating period; calculation of the value of the specific heat consumption for heating the house during the heating period; assigning an A to G. energy efficiency class building2. PHPP - calculation of energy requirements for heating and maximum heating load; calculation of energy requirement for cooling; calculation of passive cooling, frequency of overload at it; calculation of the demand for renewable primary energy and the demand for primary energy of all energy services as a whole for the building; an estimate of the annual increase in renewable energy.3. ArchiPHYSIK - calculation of energy requirements for heating and cooling; calculation of environmental index OI3; calculation of sound insulation data.4. Hottgenroth - modeling of thermal behavior of buildings, zones; determination of heat load of premises; calculation of heating elements; design of drinking water systems; planning and design of home ventilation systems; energy reconstruction of buildings; calculation of load on cooling; modeling of systems of hot water supply and solar heating; design of photovoltaic systems; planning of summer thermal insulation; design of cogeneration units, heat pump systems; the ability to view 3D images at any stage of modeling; detailed preparation of documents for approval.5. Optima - calculation of heat losses for each zone; calculation of energy requirements for heating and cooling during the year; forecasting temperature in each zone throughout the year.6. "Calculation of heat losses of premises and thermal loads on the heating system of residential and public buildings" - calculation of transmission heat losses of individual rooms and buildings as a whole; calculation of energy requirements for the heating of ambient air supplied through the ventilation system; calculation of the required thermal loads on the heating system.7. “Program for express evaluation of the efficiency of energy-saving solutions” - an assessment of the contribution of a specific energy-saving solution in reducing the heat consumption of a particular home compared to the basic one due to the use of energy-saving equipment and technologies.The methods of estimating the thermal balance of a building have analyzed the possibility of modeling the internal geometry of an object, even in the presence of graphical support, in almost all methods is absent or very limited. Only Hottgenroth applications (including ETU-Planer software) and GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner STAR have this capability. In Hottgenroth the internal geometry is taken into account in the calculations, but the inverse design problem is not solved, the graphical possibilities are limited. In GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner STAR, the internal geometry is taken into account in the calculations, but it is not possible to set different temperature indices for different rooms as output, nor is the inverse design problem solved and the graphical possibilities are limited.