Abstract
ABSTRACTWith the fast-developing nanotechnology, metal based nanoparticles (NPs) production and application are increased significantly. These metal based NPs can enter agricultural land through both direct and indirect pathways. This review presents an overview of the fate and transport of metal based NPs and their interactions with plants in agricultural ecosystem system. The physical chemical properties of both metal based NPs (e.g. size, surface charge, surface coating) and soil matrix (e.g. pH, ionic strength, mineral composition, dissolved organic matter) all play important roles in determining the mobility, transformation and potential risks of metal based NPs in plant and soil system. NPs can be accumulated to plant roots and translocated to other parts of the plants. The properties of both plant and metal based NPs are playing critical roles to this process. Systematic research of metal based NPs in environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions is needed for the future study.
Highlights
This review presents an overview of the fate and transport of metal based NPs and their interactions with plants in agricultural ecosystem system
TiO2 NPs have been broadly applied in the manufacturing of paints, plastics and papers
Several reviews have been presented focusing on stability and aggregation of NPs in environment[5]; NPs transport in environment media [6,7]; NPs interaction with plants; [8] bioavailability, toxicity, and fate of NPs in ecosystems. [9–11] most investigations on the environmental impact of metal based NPs consider agricultural soil environment and plant system separately and seldom emphasize them as integrated system, which is critical for agriculture ecosystem analysis
Summary
Nanoparticles (NPs) are defined as materials with at least two dimensions between 1 and 100 nm[1]. Metal based NPs, in particular, have drawn considerable environmental concerns due to their increased toxicity with decreased particle size (e.g. Ag NPs, TiO2 NPs, and CuO NPs). Metal based NPs been applied together with carbon nanotubes as hybrids with new properties arising from interactions between the two entities. High volume of metal based NPs production and their wide spread in the environment can be anticipated. [9–11] most investigations on the environmental impact of metal based NPs consider agricultural soil environment and plant system separately and seldom emphasize them as integrated system, which is critical for agriculture ecosystem analysis. This review presents an overview of current study, discusses and future perspectives on metal based NPs stability, transformation, transport, and interaction with plants in agriculture plant and soil system
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