Abstract
ABSTRACTThe yak manure based biochar was produced at different temperatures of 300, 500 and 700 ℃ held for 3 h, which was characterized by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pH measurement, analysis, scanning electron microscopy and ultimate analysis. The resultant biochar had characteristics of high surface area, high pH, porous structure and rich nutrients such as N, P, Ca, Mg, and K, inferring that the yak manure-derived biochar could be used as a soil conditioner. The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of yak manure derived biochar amendment on the yield and biological traits of highland barley, revealing that adding biochar to soil could increase the yield and growth of highland barley in short-term although the long-term benefits remain to be quantified. The present results can be useful to fill the knowledge gap regarding the potential of yak manure derived biochar to soil improvement.
Highlights
The Napahai Plateau is located in the Southwest of China, covering a total area of nearly 34.34 km2 with an average altitude of 3568 m
The objective of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of yak manure derived biochar produced at different temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C for held 3 h, and its effects on the yield and biological traits of highland barley in Napahai wetland, thereby determining the potential application of yak manure-derived biochars as a soil amendment
Based on the physical and chemical properties of the resulting biochar, the temperature of around 700 °C was found to be the optimal condition for producing mesoporous carbon-like material with BET surface area of 82.9 m2 g−1, demonstrating that the yak manure can be used as a feedstock for the biochar production
Summary
The Napahai Plateau is located in the Southwest of China, covering a total area of nearly 34.34 km with an average altitude of 3568 m. Untreated animal manure is potentially harmful to the environment and the disposal problem cannot be neglected. We must concern the ability of the pathogens to survive for long periods and through treatment to remain infective in the environment until ingested by human or animal host. There are a number of environmental problems associated with these untreated manure, many agricultural fields with long-term manure applications will have higher risks of runoff and leaching of manurederived components such as N and P, causing the deterioration of water quality, emissions of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide; (N2O), methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and odour pollution. Excessive application of manure fertilizer will cause the release of nutrient elements from agricultural fields to aquatic systems, accelerating water eutrophication [3], leading to the destruction of the ecological environment in Napahai wetland. In view of disposal of wastes, conversion of manure into biochar by pyrolysis technology is being considered as one alternative to the animal manure management
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