Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory State.

Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida,Josep A Tur,David Mateos,Xavier Capó,Antoni Pons,Antoni Sureda,Cristina Bouzas,Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés

doi:10.3390/antiox9030236

Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida, Josep A Tur + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9030236

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Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. MetS is also characterized by an increase of oxidative stress which contributes to impaired inflammation, vascular function, and atherosclerosis. The aim was to assess the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in plasma and PBMCs in adults with or without MetS. Antioxidant and inflammatory parameters were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 80 men and 80 women over 55 to 80-years-old residing in the Balearic Islands without previously documented cardiovascular disease. Circulating leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, and monocytes were higher in MetS subjects with respect to those without MetS. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were higher in MetS subjects in both genders, but the superoxide dismutase activity was lower. The myeloperoxidase plasma activity was higher in the MetS male subjects. Higher activities and protein levels of catalase and glutathione reductase in PBMCs were observed in MetS subjects in both genders. Obtained data show that MetS is associated with oxidative stress and a proinflammatory state and with high antioxidant defenses in PBMCs probably derived from a pre-activation state of immune cells.

Highlights

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of visceral adiposity and high risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and mortality [1]
No significant differences were evidenced in systolic blood pressure, whereas diastolic blood pressure was lower in the MetS groups
Total physical activity measured as Metabolic equivalent of task (MET)·hour/week was lower in the MetS groups, only in women there were significant differences

Summary

Introduction

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of visceral adiposity and high risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and mortality [1]. The prevalence of MetS has been increased over the last years due to the high degree of sedentary lifestyle of the population in general, which has become one of the major public health problems [2]. MetS is characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. The pathogenesis of MetS is very complex and not yet fully elucidated, it has been suggested that a prooxidant/antioxidant imbalance may play an important role in its development [5]. Several studies have observed that patients with MetS have lower activities of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and higher levels of oxidative damage markers, mainly

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