Abstract
Background: Obesity is an important pathology in public health worldwide. Obese patients are characterized by higher cardiovascular risk and a pro-inflammatory profile. Objective: To assess the oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma in adults with normal weight, overweight and obesity. Methods: One hundred and fifty adults (55-80-years-old; 60% women) from the Balearic Islands, Spain, were recruited and classified according to body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric measurements were carried out, fasting blood samples were collected and plasma and PBMCs were obtained. Biochemical parameters, hemogram, antioxidant enzyme activities and protein levels, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and cytokine (tumour necrosis factor, TNFα, and interleukin 6, IL-6) levels were measured. Results: Glycaemia, triglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were higher, and HDL-cholesterol was lower in obese patients. MDA and TNFα plasma levels were higher in the obese compared to normal-weight group, while the levels of IL-6 were higher in both obese and overweight subjects with respect to normal-weight peers. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes in PBMCs as well as the production ROS progressively increased with BMI. The protein levels of catalase in PBMCs were higher in obese and glutathione reductase in obese and overweight subjects compared to normal-weight peers. No other differences were observed. Conclusion: The current results show that overweight and obesity are related to an increase in pro-oxidant and proinflammatory status in plasma and PBMCs. The studied biomarkers may be useful for monitoring the progression/reversal of obesity.
Highlights
Obesity is considered a clear threat to public health worldwide, and, together with overweight, constitutes one of the main factors that promote non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [1]
Triglycerides levels, abdominal obesity, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were significantly higher, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was significantly lower in the obese group
The differences between HDL-cholesterol, abdominal obesity, and WHtR were significant in the overweight group in comparison to the normal-weight group
Summary
Obesity is considered a clear threat to public health worldwide, and, together with overweight, constitutes one of the main factors that promote non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [1]. Obesity is characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state [2]. Several studies have observed that patients with overweight and obesity have a significant positive correlation between BMI and oxidative stress biomarkers [4,5]. Obese patients are characterized by higher cardiovascular risk and a pro-inflammatory profile. Objective: To assess the oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma in adults with normal weight, overweight and obesity. Biochemical parameters, hemogram, antioxidant enzyme activities and protein levels, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and cytokine (tumour necrosis factor, TNFα, and interleukin 6, IL-6)
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