Mesoporous Si–Cu nanocomposite anode for a lithium ion battery produced by magnesiothermic reduction and electroless deposition

Abstract

Copper deposited mesoporous silicon was fabricated by magnesiothermic reduction and electroless deposition and its electrochemical properties as an anode for lithium ion batteries were investigated. The 300–400 nm sized mesoporous Si particles were synthesized by magnesiothermic reduction of SiO2 nanospheres prepared by the Stöber method. The mesopores of Si particles were effectively decorated with Cu using Sn sensitization/Pd activation and subsequent Cu electroless deposition. The homogeneous distribution of Cu inside the mesoporous Si particles was confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy images and energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping on the cross-sectional specimen prepared by a focused ion beam. The mesoporous Si–Cu nanocomposite exhibited high initial Coulombic efficiency, long cycle stability, and high rate capability, delivering a high capacity of 1569 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at the current density of 1000 mA g−1. The improved electrochemical performance in a mesoporous Si–Cu nanocomposite was attributed to the high electrical conductivity, high Li+ ion mobility, and structural stability to restrict the aggregation and pulverization of active materials.