Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great attention due to their low cost and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the defects and grain boundaries in perovskite films dramatically degrade their performance. Here, we show a two-step annealing method to produce mesoporous PbI2 films for growth of continuous, pinhole-free perovskite films with large grains, followed by additional ethanol vapor annealing of perovskite films to reduce the defects and grain boundaries. The large perovskite grains dramatically suppress the carrier recombination, and consequently we obtain ZnO-nanorod-based PSCs that exhibit the best efficiency of 17.3%, with high reproducibility.
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