Abstract
Equivalence is the leading subject in translation studies; accordingly, many different theories on equivalence have been discussed in detail within this field over the past few decades. Equivalence in translation is affected by many different aspects, i.e., aspects of meaning between words and expressions, grammar and participants in various communicative situations, semantics, pragamtics, etc. The concept of equivalence with the focus on equivalence degrees is provided; the overview and characterization of the main features as well as specifics of translation of media language (headlines in particular) are presented in the article as well. The paper focuses on the equivalence in translation of media language, headlines of on-line news articles in particular, since headlines are considered as crucial and the most important part of news articles. One hundred English headlines and their Lithuanian translations have been selected for the analysis which is performed according to the degrees of equivalence: optimum translation, partial equivalence, zero equivalence. Partial equivalence is divided into two narrower subtypes which are: near-optimum and weak translation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.21.2839
Highlights
The question of media translation is not widely discussed or analysed in Lithuanian scientific research, the increased amount of it requires the analysis of the quality, in the area of media language
One hundred English headlines and their Lithuanian translations have been selected for the analysis which is performed according to the degrees of equivalence: optimum translation, partial equivalence, zero equivalence
Koller has introduced four levels of equivalence: denotative, connotative, textual, and pragmatic (Koller, 1979, pp.188–189 in Byrne, 2006, pp.26–27). He suggests that the types of equivalence should be associated with the levels of equivalence. Under such circumstances he has generalized the main types of translation equivalence, which are (Ibid.): denotative or referential equivalence; connotative equivalence; textual equivalence; pragmatic or communicative equivalence; formal equivalence
Summary
The question of media translation is not widely discussed or analysed in Lithuanian scientific research, the increased amount of it requires the analysis of the quality, in the area of media language. He suggests that the types of equivalence should be associated with the levels of equivalence Under such circumstances he has generalized the main types of translation equivalence, which are (Ibid.): denotative or referential equivalence (one common object or concept is referred to in one text; it is related to equivalence of the extralinguistic content of a text); connotative equivalence (connotative meaning is maintained in both the original text and its translation; it is related to the lexical choices, especially between near-synonyms); textual equivalence (typical text features are maintained; it is related to different text types and their behaviour in different ways); pragmatic or communicative equivalence (it is related to the form of the text, includes word plays and the individual stylistic features of the ST; focus on the expectations of the reader); formal equivalence. The form of the two headlines varies, as there is no reference to the way gold nanoparticles are currently produced, i.e., harsh chemicals are omitted in the translation
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