Abstract
A wide variety of neutral carrier based ion-selective electrodes has been introduced and Js in routine use in analytical chemistry. The actual state of the art of such potentiometric sensor applications in clinical chemistry and neurophysiology is summarized. Utilizing ion carriers that drastically change their optical properties in the UV/VIS region (chromoionophores, fluoroionophores) an optical signal transduction becomes possible. The membrane morphologies and mechanisms that lead to a successful design of neutral carrier based optical sensors are elucidated, and the capabilities and limitations of such optodes are discussed.
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