Mechanisms of remodeling oral soft tissues (literature review)

Abstract

Based on the analysis of modern literature, a systematization of information of the soft tissues of the oral cavity remodeling mechanisms after surgical interventions was carried out. Priority area in modern medical practice is the development and use of such methods and drugs that combine maximum safety and high biological activity in relation to body tissues. A number of scientists have proposed and introduced into practical medicine the technology of programmed scar remodeling. According to this technique, injections of antihomotoxic substances directly around the surgical wound are required, which reduce the duration of edema in the tissues. A number of authors have studied the use of a minimally invasive microsurgical method based on fractional laser photothermolysis to initiate the regeneration of gums and oral mucosa. As a result of the study, it was found that microscopic thermal wounds in the form of damage islands surrounded by normal viable tissue contribute to stimulation of regeneration, which leads to complete restoration of the tissue without scar formation. Recently, methods of using directed tissue regeneration have been widely introduced into practice. In this technique, cellular structures are used that increase the activity of regenerative processes - fibroblasts, platelet plasma. Great importance in the processes of regeneration of the oral mucosa has the epidermal growth factor EGF. It is a globular protein, acts like a strong mitogen on cells of endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal origin. The epidermal factor stimulates cell proliferation and, in combination with other cytokines, is a factor that accelerates wound healing and angiogenesis. For the treatment of patients with periodontal tissue damage, a number of scientists have proposed a method for using an adhesive protective wound cover created with biotechnological high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Thus, the analysis of literary sources and the systematization of the available information proves the relevance of further studying the features of the mechanisms of remodeling of soft tissues of the oral cavity. Needs of modern maxillofacial surgery requires morphological study for improvement of existing and development of new treatments for patients.