Massive star formation in Wolf-Rayet galaxies

Abstract

(Abridged) We perform a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of a sample of 20 starburst galaxies that show the presence of a substantial population of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars. In this paper we present the analysis of the O and WR star populations. We study the spatial localization of the WR-rich clusters via the detection of the blue WR bump (broad He II 4686) and the red WR bump (broad C IV 5808). We perform a detailed fitting of the nebular and broad emission lines within these broad features and derive the numbers of WN, WC and O stars using (i) the standard assumption of constant WR luminosities and (ii) considering metallicity-dependent WR luminosities. We then compare our results with the predictions given by evolutionary synthesis models and with previous empirical results. Aperture effects and the exact positioning of the slit onto the WR-rich bursts play a fundamental role in their detection. As expected, the total number of WR stars increases with increasing metallicity, but objects with 12+log(O/H)<8.2 show a rather constant WR/(WR+O) ratio. The computed WCE/WNL ratios are different than those empirically found in nearby star-forming galaxies, indicating that the observed galaxies are experiencing a strong and very short burst. Considering metallicity-dependent WR luminosities, our data agree with a Salpeter-like IMF in all regimes. We consider that the contribution of the WCE stars is not negligible at low metallicities. Although available models reproduce fairly well the WR properties at high metallicities, new evolutionary synthesis models for young starbursts including all involved parameters (age, metallicity, star-formation history, IMF and WR stars properties such as metallicity-dependent WR luminosities, stellar rotation and the WR binnary channel) are absolutely needed to perform an appropriate comparison with the observational data.