Abstract

Las cactáceas han experimentado una disminución preocupante debido al uso irracional y la falta de planes de manejo. Se examina el impacto de los factores sociodemográficos en la biodiversidad de las cactáceas en la comunidad originaria de Mitla, Oaxaca, México. Se propone la hipótesis que, debido a las presiones antropogénicas, la biodiversidad de las cactáceas en Mitla, manifiesta más amenazas que fortalezas con el uso que le dan los habitantes de la comunidad de estudio. Se empleó la realización de trabajo de campo mediante la aplicación de 97 encuestas tomando en cuenta el número de viviendas. Se utilizó el Índice de Shannon-Weiner (H) para conocer la biodiversidad de cactáceas. Así mismo se utilizó el Índice de Importancia Cultural (IIC) para conocer el valor de uso de las especies. Como prueba estadística se utilizó las ecuaciones estructurales mediante la técnica del mínimo de cuadrados parciales (PLS). Se obtuvieron 11 especies de cactáceas, utilizadas principalmente como: alimento, ornamental y cerca viva. Debido a las presiones antropogénicas, las cactáceas manifiesta más amenazas que fortalezas. Es necesario la implementación de medidas de conservación y manejo adecuado, involucrando activamente a la comunidad local. Abstract Cactaceae have experienced a worrying decline due to irrational use and lack of management plans. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of sociodemographic factors on the biodiversity of cacti in the original community of Mitla, Oaxaca, Mexico. The hypothesis we propose is that, due to anthropogenic pressures, the biodiversity of cacti in Mitla shows more threats than strengths from the use that the community under study makes of this species. Ninety-seven surveys were conducted taking into account the number of homes. The Shannon-Weiner Index (H) was used to determine the biodiversity of cacti and the Cultural Importance Index (IIC) to determine the use value of the species. Structural equations were used as a statistical test using the partial least squares (PLS) technique. Eleven species of cacti were obtained, which are used mainly as food, ornament, and living fence. Due to anthropogenic pressures, we confirmed the hypothesis that cacti show more threats than strengths. Therefore, appropriate conservation and management measures should be implemented that actively involve the local community.

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