Abstract
The emergency situation in oncology can be defined as a pathological condition determined by the clinical evolution of cancerous paraneoplastic syndromes or a consequence of the chemotherapy disease (metabolic, hematological, neurological, motor). Assessing the diagnosis and performing specific therapy should be rapid and address the syndromes in the order of their severity. The diagnosis of the oncology patient’s emergency must be determined in the order of priority and type of emergency: morphological or obstructive paraneoplastic syndromes caused by solid tumors with organ and/or metabolic compression caused by functional failure of tissues or organs; chemotherapy disease toxicity induced through iatropathy, following the administration of chemotherapy medication. The objectives in solving oncological emergencies are the diagnosis of the cause, the clinical and paraclinical evaluation and very rapid therapy. Paraneoplastic syndromes may be due only to primary or associated tumors of lymph node invasion, visceral metastases, or may be the consequence of established therapies: surgical, chemotherapy, hormonal. Oncology emergency may be aggravated by preexisting liver disease, kidney disease, hematologic disease, neurological disease, disease evolution or therapy-associated. The urgency of oncological therapy is to control pain, restore blood volum, to amend the paraneoplastic symptoms (anemia, cachexia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia) and eventually restore the morphostructural palliative integrity of affected tissues. The choice of therapeutic strategy and the combination of techniques and methods are made personalized according to the clinical condition of the oncology patient at the time of diagnosis by anamnesis, general physical examination, TNM clinical staging, monitoring of vital functions, histopathological type and the appreciation of the response to the therapies already performed.
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