Abstract
Epithelial tumors of the skin and their associated precancerous lesions are the most common cancers in humans. These lesions include actinic keratosis (AK), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), keratoacanthoma, verrucous carcinoma, and Paget's disease, both mammary and extramammary. The risk factors for skin cancers are fair skin (light pigmentation), immunosuppression with organ transplantation and leukemia/lymphoma, ultraviolet radiation exposure, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and certain chemicals. BCC is the most common cancer and is locally invasive but rarely metastasizes. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cancer, and it often evolves from precursor lesions such as AK and is a true malignant neoplasm that can metastasize more frequently than BCC. Verrucous carcinoma is a well-differentiated SCC and is associated with HPV infection. Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease originate from apocrine glands and the differential diagnosis for this lesion includes others lesions with pagetoid spread including Bowen’s disease and superficial spreading malignant melanoma.
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