Abstract

Malaria Surveillance - United States, 2017.

Highlights

  • Malaria parasites of the Plasmodium genus are transmitted through the bite of infective mosquitoes

  • The number of persons who received a malaria diagnosis in the United States has been increasing since the mid-1970s, with the highest number of cases since 1971 reported in 2016 (2,078) and 2017 [2,161] (Table 1)

  • Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis medications are effective at preventing malaria, and adhering to an appropriate chemoprophylaxis regimen is the best way for travelers to prevent this potentially life-threatening illness

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Summary

Introduction

Malaria parasites of the Plasmodium genus are transmitted through the bite of infective mosquitoes. Female Anopheles species mosquitoes transmit four Plasmodium species that commonly cause illness in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 219 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide in 2017, resulting in an estimated 400,000 deaths [2]. P. falciparum has the highest prevalence in subSaharan Africa and is the parasite most commonly associated with severe illness and death, typically among children aged

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