Abstract
In Ukraine, cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linneus) annually occupies about 20 % of the total area of all vegetable crops sown in the open ground or 52.6 thousand hectares. The main reason that significantly reduces the quantitative and qualitative indicators of this vegetable crop's main valuable economic traits is the high incidence of commercial crops with diseases, especially downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk and M.A. Curtis) Rostovtsev). Since 1985 in Ukraine, this cucumber disease in the open ground on nonresistant varieties has continuously had intense development, in some years the development – by the type of epiphytotic. Simultaneously, the shortage of commercial yield of this vegetable crop due to the defeat of this disease under the field conditions can reach the level of 50–80 % or more, seed loss – 25–70 %. One of the main reasons for significant losses of commercial yield and seeds of gherkin cucumber under the conditions of its cultivation in the open ground is recognized as the high susceptibility of samples to some diseases, particularly downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) Rostovtsev). Unfortunately, this problem has remained relevant for Ukraine over the past few decades. So, obtaining the initial material of a gherkin cucumber with a harmonious combination in the genotypes of a complex of various valuable economic characteristics (yield, quality, resistance to diseases, chemical substances content, suitability for various types of processing) and creating a modern competitive, innovative product (variety, hybrid) on its basis remains a relevant and priority task for domestic agricultural science at present. At the same time, scientists have proved that introducing complex (integrated) systems into production, which expect the biologization of protection with its transfer to an ecological and economic basis, is recognized as the most promising today. We suggested using resistant varieties (hybrids) in such integrated systems that provide the highest economic effect.
Highlights
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linneus) belongs to the genus cucumber (Cucumis) of the pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae Juss.)
Under the conditions of the research region, downy mildew of cucumber acquired an epiphytotic character in 1989–1990, when only 2.07–2.36 t/ha of this crop was obtained from spring-summer film greenhouses in July, and summer commercial crops completely died from the disease (Chaban, 1993)
In cucumber breeding for resistance to the primary diseases, it was found out that the focus on creating varieties and hybrids of cucumbers only to improve the yield indicators and quality of gherkins significantly limits the choice of sources and donors of resistance to the main diseases
Summary
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linneus) belongs to the genus cucumber (Cucumis) of the pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae Juss.). The area where this vegetable crop is grown annually occupies up to 9 million hectares (Sanwen Huang et al, 2009). In Ukraine, cucumber is one of the main crops among vegetables, which is grown annually in both open and frame areas in various soil and climatic zones on areas of up to 50 thousand hectares (Bolotskih, 2002; Yarovij, 2006). When developing the cucumber classification, scientists considered the similarity of different samples by morphological traits, suitability for growing in specific climatic zones, and several other botanical (approbatory) traits (Sokolov, 2003). Small leaves with sharply marked lobes, small fruits, incredibly green color, cylindrical, very bitter. It grows in the northern regions of India in a wild state
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