Magnetic susceptibility as a macroscopic entanglement witness

Abstract

We show that magnetic susceptibility can reveal spin entanglement between individual constituents of a solid, while magnetization describes their local properties. We then show that magnetization and its variance (equivalent to magnetic susceptibility for a wide class of systems) satisfy complementary relation in the quantum-mechanical sense. It describes sharing of (quantum) information in the solid between spin entanglement and local properties of its individual constituents. Magnetic susceptibility is shown to be a macroscopic (thermodynamical) spin entanglement witness that can be applied without complete knowledge of the specific model (Hamiltonian) of the solid.