Abstract
This paper works on building an effective massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relay system by increasing the achievable sum rate and energy efficiency. First, we design a two-hop massive MIMO relay system instead of a one-hop system to shorten the distance and create a Line-of-Sight (LOS) path between relays. Second, we apply Rician channels between relays in this system. Third, we apply low-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) at both relays to quantize signals, and apply Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) to the processed signal at relay and relay correspondingly. Fourth, we use higher-order statistics to derive the closed-form expression of the achievable sum rate. Fifth, we derive the power scaling law and achieve the asymptotic expressions under different power scales. Last, we validate the correctness of theoretical analysis with numerical simulation results and show the superiority of the two-hop relay system over the one-hop relay system. From both closed-form expressions and simulation results, we discover that the two-hop system has a higher achievable sum rate than the one-hop system. Besides, the energy efficiency in the two-hop system is higher than the one-hop system. Moreover, in the two-hop system, when quantization bits , the achievable sum rate converges. Therefore, deploying low-resolution ADCs can improve the energy efficiency and achieve a fairly considerable achievable sum rate.
Highlights
In the field of wireless communication, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems have been widely used for their superior performance like increasing channel capacity and improving user anti-interference performance [1]
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) relay system for the MIMO system, which is a special case of low-resolution ADCs, and proved one-bit low-resolution ADCs is effective for reducing energy consumption
The authors of [12,13] applied low-resolution ADCs to the Rician channels relay system. They only considered the one-hop relay system scenario, so the communication distance was limited. Since it is very important for the MIMO system to increase the achievable sum rate, reduce the energy consumption and maintain long-distance communication, we consider the uplink of a two-hop low-resolution ADCs massive MIMO relaying system over the Rician channel in our paper
Summary
In the field of wireless communication, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems have been widely used for their superior performance like increasing channel capacity and improving user anti-interference performance [1]. There is no Line-of-Sight (LOS) between users and targets and only Rayleigh channels can be applied between [6,7]. When a large number of transmitting and receiving antennas are equipped with high-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), the system will consume tremendous amounts of energy. We can apply Rician channels instead of Rayleigh channels to reduce the achievable sum rate. Using low-resolution ADCs instead of high-resolution ADCs can alleviate the energy consumption burden of the MIMO system and achieve a fairly considerable achievable sum rate at the same time
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