Abstract
Noise pollution reduction in the environment is a major challenge from a societal and health point of view. To implement strategies to improve sound environments, experts need information on existing noise. The first source of information is based on the elaboration of noise maps using software, but with limitations on the realism of the maps obtained, due to numerous calculation assumptions. The second is based on the use of measured data, in particular through professional measurement observatories, but in limited numbers for practical and financial reasons. More recently, numerous technical developments, such as the miniaturization of electronic components, the accessibility of low-cost computing processors and the improved performance of electric batteries, have opened up new prospects for the deployment of low-cost sensor networks for the assessment of sound environments. Over the past fifteen years, the literature has presented numerous experiments in this field, ranging from proof of concept to operational implementation. The purpose of this article is firstly to review the literature, and secondly, to identify the expected technical characteristics of the sensors to address the problem of noise pollution assessment. Lastly, the article will also put forward the challenges that are needed to respond to a massive deployment of low-cost noise sensors.
Highlights
Noise pollution is a major environmental pollution whose impact on health is widely recognized [1]
It should be noted that most of the latest achievements [35,66,67] mention noise sensors directly powered by an electrical network, which seems to illustrate the difficulty of developing wireless sensors with acoustic performances that are relevant to the task at hand
This problem of choosing a communication protocol and optimizing it has been widely discussed in other areas of sensor network applications, very little has been said about noise sensor networks
Summary
Noise pollution is a major environmental pollution whose impact on health is widely recognized [1]. The use of low-cost Sensor Networks (SN) can be a solution to the current limits of the noise observatories, mentioned above, by making it possible to reach a density of measurement points in a territory that is capable of providing a very rich acoustic information The use of such a noise SN opens up many additional interesting opportunities, such as to assess and manage road traffic noise [12,13,14], to enhance the traditional strategic noise mapping process [15,16,17,18,19], to produce dynamics noise maps [20] or to capture the sound sources of interest or acoustic events within the signal [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29].
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