Abstract
The article is devoted to the research the problems that arise in pharmaceutical vaccine supply chains. Slow vaccination leads to global economic losses, and the lack of free access to vaccines in many developing countries is a problem not so much in the economic category as in the cost of human life category, which is confirmed by the research of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations (UN). Pharmaceutical vaccine supply chains are subject to special organization and flow management requirements to avoid waste. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, bottlenecks inevitably arise that lead to economic, social, human losses, potential and real losses of vaccines and an increasing pressure on reverse logistics. The main bottlenecks at each stage of the supply chain have been identified, which indicate a shift in the main problems in the pharmaceutical supply chain to the distribution and last mile logistics. A detailed analysis of the vaccine distribution system in the city of Kiev was carried out with the help of sites that cover information on used vaccines and losses based on the types of vaccination points of different forms of ownership. Vaccination sites were ranked according to the degree of effective use of vaccines. As a result, the problems of insufficient information support of the vaccination campaign by government agencies were identified, which leads to the loss of vaccines. The role of the state in solving these problems was assumed by public organizations. To accomplish these tasks, an interactive vaccination map was launched, which makes it possible to find the nearest vaccination point, see how many vaccinations were given in a particular medical institution and how many vaccine doses were potentially lost. For the study, empirical research, data analysis and synthesis, expert assessments and generalization methods were used. Calculated the amount of real and potential monetary losses from vaccines that have been disposed of. Recommendations on the use of innovative tools such as Blockchain to prevent potential and manage existing problems in pharmaceutical vaccine supply chains were provided.
Highlights
The losses caused by the coronavirus are difficult to fully assess since they caused a complete restructuring of the entire global ecosystem of humanity
At the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic, the main problems were concentrated in the production sphere, since there were not enough components for the production of vaccines, demand exceeded supply, etc., as the market was saturated with vaccines from different manufacturers, problems in pharmaceutical supply chains shifted to the sphere of transport and logistics services, among which the main ones were highlighted and reflected in fig.1: 1. Transportation and consolidation in sourcing country:
Challenges in the pharmaceutical vaccine supply chain are linked to the course of the Covid-19 pandemic
Summary
The losses caused by the coronavirus are difficult to fully assess since they caused a complete restructuring of the entire global ecosystem of humanity. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) provide research “OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using trade to fight COVID-19: Manufacturing and distributing vaccines” (2021) [14] that discusses trade and trade policy considerations underpinning access to the final and intermediate goods needed to effectively produce, deliver and administer COVID-19 vaccines It focuses on the international aspects of the vaccine supply chain, discussing the sourcing, production, distribution and need to expedite international border crossing and transportation (including in the context of the cold supply chain). The paper highlights that data-driven approaches should be considered to make supply chains more robust, solutions must account for the political and institutional landscape, price surges benefit the wealthiest, and local solutions are often needed to manage global shocks Another group of researchers analyzed short and long term impacts of COVID-19 on the pharmaceutical sector (2020) [4]. At the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic, the main problems were concentrated in the production sphere, since there were not enough components for the production of vaccines, demand exceeded supply, etc., as the market was saturated with vaccines from different manufacturers, problems in pharmaceutical supply chains shifted to the sphere of transport and logistics services, among which the main ones were highlighted and reflected in fig.1: 1. Transportation and consolidation in sourcing country: Local quality checks and non-steady supply; Transportation capacity bottleneck; Limited transparency with high variance in quality
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