Long-term monitoring of the vegetation cover of mountain territories in the GIS for soil and landscape study of territories

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Rational use of natural resources and preservation of the environment in good conditions is the basis of the stable state of the ecosystem. Mountain soil erosion is the most common process of degradation. Soil protection from erosion is becoming a global problem in the world, and in Uzbekistan, in particular. Natural conditions of the region create a potential danger of soil erosion. The reason for its manifestation is the misuse of land, non-compliance with necessary requirements for soil protection. In most cases, it is due to the location of homesteads and crops on erosion-prone soils that poorly protect soil from erosion, improper cultivation of soils on arable land, unregulated grazing of pastures, and damage to soil protective plantations. The climate, topography and soils can in some way create a potential danger of erosion, while the vegetation cover reduces the possibility of erosion or completely prevents it. V.V.Dokuchaev [6] has given great importance to vegetation in the problems of soil protection from erosion and a decrease in the flow of atmospheric precipitation. He wrote: “… in the early spring, and after heavy rains in the virgin steppe there are no large streams, while on old-growth fields they run in all directions, storm and foam.” A good vegetation cover sharply reduces the danger of erosion when a great amount of precipitation falls out. With high intensity of rains on slopes with a good vegetation cover, the danger of erosion may be much less than in the case of rainfalls with a small amount of precipitation and with less intensity on slopes with poor plantation or without any.