Local quality and certification schemes as new forms of governance in sustainability transitions.

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Abstract In this chapter, local certification schemes are assessed in relation to the role that new forms of governance can play in facilitating sustainability transitions. The chapter focuses, particularly, on the interactions between new forms of horizontal governance emerging in local quality and certification 'niches', and the vertical forms of governance characterizing the agriculture and tourism or environmental protection regimes in which these niches develop. Three case studies situated in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Greece, are presented. The chapter assesses why some niches are successful and others not, demonstrating that appropriate combinations of, and links between, social and cultural elements in niches, regimes and landscapes; networks of actors (including their cultural and social backgrounds); and governance structures are highly important for transitions to emerge and succeed. Also assessed is the role of EU policy, both in enabling and in constraining niche development in different settings.