Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this article is to review interventions that have been shown to improve cognitive abilities in older adults, including aerobic training, resistance training, yoga, tai chi, dual tasking, and meditation. The purpose of this article is to identify findings that can lead to recommendations regarding optimal dosages of the above interventions. Methods: This literature review relied heavily on meta-analyses that combined data from randomized controlled studies in order to identify interventions that reliably produce meaningful improvements in cognition. In addition, the meta-analyses were used to find dosage recommendations that appeared when similar studies were analyzed. Conclusions: There is ample evidence that various physical exercise and cognitive stimulation interventions can lead to meaningful improvements in cognition. The results often vary as a function of the participants’ cognitive abilities and presence of cognitive impairment or dementia. In many cases, it is possible to begin making recommendations in terms of the length of sessions and the length of interventions for various populations.
Published Version
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