Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separations on silica columns using medium polarity mobile phases containing normal chain aliphatic carboxylic acids are applied to characterization of acid and base extracts of fuels. Separations performed on an SRC-II coal liquid and a Wilmington, Ca, petroleum illustrate the utility of the HPLC method for rapid assessment of functionalities present in acid and base extracts of fuels. The technique is currently limited by the HPLC detectors available; complex samples such as fuels will require more sophisticated detectors. Separation of base extracts into hydrocarbon (impurity), pyrrole/phenylaniline, aniline/thiazole and pyridine/dinitrogen types as a function of the chain length of the carboxylic acid in the mobile phase is discussed. Similar functional group-type separations of acid extracts are also presented as a function of mobile phase composition. Applications of the technique to assessing purity of fractions obtained from other separation schemes, analyzing high-boiling distillates and residua, and monitoring effects of catalytic hydrogenation are presented.
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