Abstract
Nowadays, a circular economy is one of the main strategies for developing a sustainable economy. The objective of this work was to increase the value of Caulerpa lentillifera waste and use it efficiently as a resource for lipid extraction. A crude lipid yield of approximately 27.69% of the dry weight was obtained under the following optimized conditions that consisted of a three-stage extraction with 15 min/stage using a ratio of 1:10 (w/v) at room temperature. The crude extracts contained a total fatty acids (TFA) content of approximately 58.60% of the weight of the extracts, which consisted of 10 types of fatty acids. The proportion of palmitic acid (16:0) as the main component was above 70% of the TFA content. Moreover, it also contained chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids at approximately 1.77, 0.91, and 0.70 µg/mg of the extract, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoids content, including 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1′- diphenyl-2-picrahydrazyl (ABTS and DPPH, respectively) scavenging activities, showed that the lipid extracts had high potential for antioxidant activity. Moreover, the extracts also demonstrated α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 8.97 mg/mL. Thus, this extract could be used as an alternative product in a circular economy for preventing diabetes disease.
Highlights
Caulerpa lentillifera is consumed as food in Asia–Pacific regions, such as Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Japan
The results showed that an increase in volume of ethanol used for extraction led to The results showed that an increase in volume of ethanol used for extraction led an increase in the lipid yield from 7.7% to 16.9% of dry weight (Figure 2)
The to an increase in the lipid yield from 7.7% to 16.9% of dry weight (Figure 2)
Summary
Caulerpa lentillifera is consumed as food in Asia–Pacific regions, such as Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Japan. It has become a famous ingredient for food during the last five years in Thailand. Many farms in the southern region along the coastlines of the Gulf of Thailand produce this food. C. lentillifera is a marine macroalgae known as sea grapes or green caviar. It is rich in minerals, essential amino acids, and fibers and includes several bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides (20–64% of dry weight) and lipids (0.86–1.57% of dry weight) [1,2,3]. Even though the lipid content is low, many studies have reported that lipids from C. lentillifera have potential for a wide variety of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiabetic activities [4,5,6,7]
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