Abstract
Plants are subject to different types of stress, which consequently affect their growth and development. They have developed mechanisms for recognizing and processing an extracellular signal. Second messengers are transient molecules that modulate the physiological responses in plant cells under stress conditions. In this sense, it has been shown in various plant models that membrane lipids are substrates for the generation of second lipid messengers such as phosphoinositide, phosphatidic acid, sphingolipids, and lysophospholipids. In recent years, research on lipid second messengers has been moving toward using genetic and molecular approaches to reveal the molecular setting in which these molecules act in response to osmotic stress. In this sense, these studies have established that second messengers can transiently recruit target proteins to the membrane and, therefore, affect protein conformation, activity, and gene expression. This review summarizes recent advances in responses related to the link between lipid second messengers and osmotic stress in plant cells.
Highlights
Plants use complex signal transduction networks to orchestrate biochemical, genetic, and physiological responses under different stress conditions
Several research groups have reported that lipid second messengers activate or recruit proteins to membranes, which leads to the activation of downstream signaling pathways that result in cellular events and physiological responses
Ren et al [23] showed that the increase in IP3 after heat shock in Arabidopsis plants is partially dependent on the activity of AtPLC3 (Arabidopsis thaliana Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C Isoform 3)
Summary
Plants use complex signal transduction networks to orchestrate biochemical, genetic, and physiological responses under different stress conditions. Among the components involved in that response are molecules called second messengers These molecules are “master regulators” since they generate a high degree of amplification via signal transduction and modulate key downstream molecular regulatory components involved in the response to stress. In the context of stress in plants, salt, and drought represent osmotic factors that limit crop productivity [3]. In this context, salt or drought are different types of stress that result in a series of different changes at the cellular or plant level, generating specific changes at the biochemical, molecular, and physiological levels in plants. This review will focus on assessing the current knowledge of lipids second messengers (phosphoinositides, phosphatidic acid, sphingolipids, and lysophospholipids), which have been shown to be key regulators of osmotic stress responses in plant cells
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