Abstract
The present study deals with the limit analysis of masonry walls with rectangular openings by an equivalent shear panel model. Many experimental results on masonry walls with rectangular openings subject to both vertical and horizontal loads show importance of shear resistance of wall panels. Based upon these experimental results, in-plane failure patterns of single masonry walls are categorized into a) the shear diagonal crack opening, b) local panel rocking, c) bed joint sliding, and d) full or partial overturning of an entire wall. The equivalent shear panel model can evaluate strength for typical in-plane failure patterns due to earthquake damages. By means of the present model the limit analysis of masonry walls can be formulated as a searching problem for a collapse mode with minimum failure load, to which the genetic algorithm (GA) can be applied. The application of both the present shear panel model and the GA is illustrated in a numerical example of a masonry wall with rectangular openings subjected to constant vertical and incremental horizontal loads.
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