Abstract
<p><em>Soil acidification and decalcification are mostly continuous. From the aspect of soil quality maintenance and improvement, the soil requires stable calcium content. The more acidic is the soil and the finer are the lime fertilizer particles, the easier they dissolve, and the soil becomes poor in calcium. In order to modify the rate and duration of lime fertilizer dissolution, this work included investigation of solubility and dissolution rates of various fractions of limestone. Based on the dissolution rates of particles with different sizes, the content of different fractions can be calculated so as to make the solubility of lime fertilizer more stable and long-term. A long-term uniform solubility provides a more stable available calcium content in the soil, which facilitates the formation and development of beneficial soil characteristics. In the field trials, upon liming with a fertiliser with prolonged effect time, the content of available Ca in soil was more stable and remained at optimum level also in 4<sup>rd</sup></em>-<em>5<sup>th</sup> year. </em></p>
Highlights
The need for liming is generally estimated according to soil acidity, but when the soil pH is 6.0, the hydrolytic acidity does not disappear, but in most of the soils the saturation rate is at least 80%, which is optimal for normal plant growth and development
The soil of the lime fertilizer with a longer duration of action had the highest amount of calcium, and less lime fertilizer needed in the milling
Since the actual need for liming depends on the soil reaction, or pH, but rather on the level of soil saturation, where, in addition to potassium and magnesium, an important role belongs to calcium, for the purpose of simplicity, in practice the need for liming is estimated on the basis of the available calcium content providing the saturation degree of 80%
Summary
The need for liming is generally estimated according to soil acidity, but when the soil pH is 6.0, the hydrolytic acidity does not disappear, but in most of the soils the saturation rate is at least 80%, which is optimal for normal plant growth and development. The most important role in saturation belongs to calcium. Sufficient supply of calcium in the soil improves the soil structure, its air and water regime, nutrient intake, phosphorus intake, and the biological activity that leads to release of nutrients from the organic substance; reduces the accumulation of phytotoxic heavy metals in plants (Havlin et al, 2005; Mcdowell et al, 2002; Molitor et al, 2012; Rogasik et al, 2005). The leaching of carbonates is the main cause for decalcification of soils. The soils that are poor in carbonates need liming. The effectiveness of lime fertiliser depends on the size of lime fertiliser www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/ra
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