Abstract
The research was carried out through case studies at six locations of mangosteen production centers in West Sumatra during the 2018 harvest season. The results showed that mangosteen fruit damage by yellow sap was distinguished from yellow sap in exocarp and endocarp with varying percentages between research locations. There was no correlation between yellow sap in exocarp and endocarp (r=0.0656). Yellow sap in exocarp and endocarp correlate with rainy days. The intensity of rainfall during the fruit development period does not correlate with yellow latex in the endocarp but the fluctuation in rainfall is very influential. Yellow sap at the lowest endocarp (15%) was found at the location of Station-5 with the lowest rainy day (44 days) and low rainfall fluctuations (40-240 mm/month) and the highest (47%) at Station-3 (104 days rain and rainfall fluctuations 96-512 mm/month). The Station-4 area with lower rainy days (80 days) but has high rainfall fluctuations (73-954 mm/month) also shows yellow latex at a higher endocarp (35%) compared to other locations. Yellow gum at the lowest exocarp (32%) found in Station-2 (63 rainy days, 00 m asl) and highest (69%) in Station-6 (94 rainy days, 490 m asl). Effect of rainy days and altitude on the sap yellow on the skin of the fruit can be explained through its relationship with environmental conditions needed for the proliferation of insects that cause yellow sap on the mangosteen rind.
Highlights
Indonesian mangosteen exporters report that only 15% of mangosteen collected from various locations is of acceptable quality to the export market (Anonymous, 2006)
The results showed that mangosteen fruit damage by yellow sap was distinguished from yellow sap in exocarp and endocarp with varying percentages between research locations
3.1 The Percentage of Yellow Sap from a Different Location Based on observations, damage due to yellow latex on mangosteen can be distinguished from yellow latex on exocarp and endocarp with varying percentages between study sites (Figure 2)
Summary
Indonesian mangosteen exporters report that only 15% of mangosteen collected from various locations is of acceptable quality to the export market (Anonymous, 2006). The existence of a yellow sap in the mangosteen fruit is one important factor that affects the quality of the mangosteen fruit. This symptom is called gamboge disorder (Pankasemsuk et al, 1996; Sdoode & Chiarawipa, 2005) and affects the taste and appearance of the fruit. This damage is thought to be caused by environmental factors such as climate, nutrients, water stress, mechanical damage, pests, and diseases as well as genetics. The purpose of this study was to compare the damage of mangosteen fruit by yellow sap at various locations with varying rainfall and determine the effect of rainfall on yellow sap on mangosteen fruit
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