Le disuguaglianze socio-economiche nei consumi alimentari in Italia: evoluzioni strutturali, trend e stili di vita

As outlined in Chapter 1, sustainability comprises interlinked environmental, societal, political and economic dimensions (see also UNESCO, 2010). What is happening in relation to any one dimension will affect, and be affected by, what is happening in all the other dimensions. For example, a local water shortage (environmental dimension) could lead to loss of income for people relying on that source (economic dimension), demographic changes if people move out of the area (social dimension) and conflict between different water users (political dimension).

The political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) dimensions in a local community shape the adoption of specific nature-based solutions (NbS) to improve water ecosystem services. This study provides crucial insights on integrating NbS tailored to smallholder indigenous and peasant communities in four central Ecuadorian provinces, covering 43.2% of the Andean region. These communities are located in the páramo, a highly valued ecosystem for water-related ecosystem services. However, they face high levels of poverty and malnutrition. Combining a participatory multi-stakeholder approach with a literature review, we gathered insights into PESTEL dimensions impacting páramo ecosystem services. A bibliometric and decision tree analysis was then employed to reveal NbS aligned with PESTEL dimensions in these communities. As a result, limited financial support, urban-centric environmental investment, and insufficient acknowledgment of water-related ecosystem services significantly impact the health of páramo ecosystems from economic and political dimensions, respectively. In the environmental dimension, the overexploitation of this ecosystem, driven by high soil carbon storage combined with superior water quality and the high vulnerability to climate change, contributes to the decline of the páramo remnants. Social, legal, and technological dimensions involve community dissatisfaction and resistance to conservation, lack of sustainable land and water management, and the mismatch between technology, the economy, and data availability. These impacts on páramo ecosystem services occur directly through water purification, regulating soil formation, and maintaining populations and habitats. Indirectly, they affect the provision of water for drinking and non-drinking purposes, fishing and aquaculture, recreation, and spiritual and symbolic appreciation. To enhance water-related ecosystem services, we propose the establishment of artificial floating islands such as NbS. These islands are seen as an innovative restoration method with multiple benefits, such as the need for only limited financial support, the engagement of local communities, the lack of land requirements for implementation, and the use of indigenous community knowledge of appropriate plant species for water treatment, which can even generate additional income. Passive restoration complements this by removing disturbances in the páramo, allowing natural regeneration in basins by state-led land purchase initiatives to ensure the protection by Ecuadorian conservation laws. Our study offers decision-makers a practical approach to secure ecosystem services for vulnerable populations, critically assessing alternatives based on the dimensions and needs of these communities.

This paper presents a framework to show how information drawn from different sources for any city allows the construction of poverty profiles and maps. These not only help local governments to act but they also provide a catalyst for more participatory and integrated approaches to poverty reduction. The paper also gives examples of how this framework was used in two cities in Argentina. This framework brings out the multi-dimensional nature of urban poverty, including environmental and political dimensions which are not made evident by conventional definitions of poverty. The framework also highlights the complex linkages between the different dimensions and shows how the environmental dimensions (including housing conditions) are not just visible features of poverty but also key “entry points” through which social, economic and political dimensions can be understood and addressed. Mapping environmental conditions also brings out key social and spatial inequalities.

The current research dealt with (the conceptual dimensions of conflict scenes and their representations in Sumerian art), through studying the religious, political, environmental, ideological and social dimensions from which the conflict scene emerged, which was represented in the aesthetic structure of cylindrical seals, obelisks, stone tablets and statues, during the Sumerian era. Therefore, the researcher sought in the first chapter to clarify the problem of the research, its importance and the need for it, in addition to the aim of the research, which was represented by the following: "Identifying the conceptual dimensions of conflict scenes and their representations in Sumerian art." Then the researchers concluded the aforementioned chapter by defining the terms that are directly related to the title of the research and its objectives. As for the second chapter, it included a presentation of the theoretical framework and previous studies, and it consisted of two sections. The first section established the conflict conceptually. The second section dealt with the conflict: an approach in ancient Sumerian art. The third chapter was devoted to monitoring the research community and the tool that included collecting information, so samples were adopted from it in an intentional manner, and they amounted to (3) sculptural works that covered the limits of the research by adopting the descriptive analytical method for the purpose of analyzing them according to the axes of the analysis tool that the researcher adopted. As for the fourth chapter, it included the results of the research, which included: 1. The scenes of the conflict were evident in the ability of the Sumerian artist to adopt the realistic style in embodying human bodies with political dimensions that escalated their desired essential connotations, and religious thought is one of the most important pressing dominants in the structure of Sumerian art, and this is what appeared in all samples. 2. The Sumerian embodied and prominent art expressed the artistic feelings formed in the thought of the Sumerian artist through the diversity of topics, which carry religious and political dimensions that represent the social structure of the Sumerians. Then the conclusions that emerged from it the possibility of achieving the research objectives through the tool designed by the researcher, including: • Sumerian art in its various forms embodied religious thought and political dimension, by referring them to pictorial systems with aesthetic value full of symbolism directed towards the absolute and invisible powers. • The intellectual contemplations of the Sumerian sculptor contributed to the diversity of conflict scenes at the level of (sculptural or bas-relief), and the technical and directing treatments varied, as an attempt to depict and represent these intellectual contemplations and refer them to a symbolic meaning that has a tangible material existence. I also made an effort to mention a number of recommendations and suggestions followed by sources and appendices.

Social, political, and technological dimensions of the sustainability evaluation of a recycling network. A literature review

This study aims to identify the role of the local council in achieving the local development in Khulais governorate and the degree of interaction and interest of civil society to participate in local development, and overcome its obstacles. The study was approved the descriptive analytical method in conducting this study, where the questionnaire was used to collect the initial data from the study population, which consisted of All Saudi population in Khulaisgovernorate who are over or equal to 20 years of age, and whose number reached 38,250 people. A simple random sample of 380 citizens was chosen, the questionnaires were then unloaded and analyzed using SPSS Statistical Package and the use of appropriate statistical tests, in order to reach valuable indications and indicators supporting the subject of the study. The study reached several important results, the most important of which were: The existence of an impartial response by respondents regarding the degree of effectiveness of the role of local council of Khulais Governorate. There is a correlation between the role of local council and the four dimensions of overall development (the political dimension - the environmental dimension - the social dimension - the economic dimension) in Saudi Arabia - the council of the province of Khulais model, as the value of the correlation coefficients between the role of the local council and the four overall development dimensions were 0.816. In light of the results of the study, and after reference to the discussion of the main focus of the study, the study reached several recommendations as follows: Focus on targeting local council projects and services for lower social strata to provide them with a decent life. The need to work to increase the interest of the local council in the province to follow up on community and environmental issues within the province. Intensifying initiatives organized by the local council related to contributing to the development of the local economy.

Sustainable Development is often viewed as economic entity and emphasis has been placed on fostering production growth, investment and market depth and breadth. The environmental, political and social dimensions have frequently been neglected. Therefore sustainable development should be viewed as a concept that frames the relationship between economics, environment, social and political dimensions in a radical new way. It demands both new ways of thinking and new designs for organizing at the international, national, organizational and individual level. Trinidad and Tobago as a developing nation has been encouraging sustainability but key strategic environmental planning and energy policy issues are often neglected. These strategic environmental planning and energy policy issues are important to encourage not only the economics but also environmental, social and political dimensions of sustainable development. This paper seeks to address some of the strategic environmental planning and energy policy issues that are pertinent in accomplishing sustainability. Strategic Environmental Planning issues of risk management, collaboration, business strategy and competitive advantage would be addressed as well as energy policy issues such as integration, renewable resources, efficiency in energy consumption and energy security.

This study examines the determinant factors of women’s empowerment in Chepén, Peru, during 2024, analyzing how socioeconomic status potentially moderates this relationship. Using a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, the research surveyed 367 women aged 22–52 years through digital questionnaires employing validated scales. The results revealed that both internal factors (individual and collective psychological competencies) and external factors (economic and cultural conditions) significantly influence female empowerment (β = 0.57, p = 0.049 and β = 0.87, p = 0.039, respectively). Contrary to our hypothesis, socioeconomic status did not significantly moderate these relationships (internal factors × socioeconomic level: β = 0.02, p = 0.323; external factors × socioeconomic level: β = −0.02, p = 0.584). The models demonstrated strong explanatory power, with internal factors explaining 84.3% and external factors explaining 58.5% of the variance in women’s empowerment. The study found moderate levels of autonomy and decision-making (44.8%) and cultural dimensions (43.3%). While 76.1% of participants had higher education, 41.8% earned below PEN 1500, highlighting a significant education–income gap. These findings suggest that psychological competencies and sociocultural environment enhancement are more critical than initial economic conditions for promoting women’s empowerment across all socioeconomic strata. The study recommends implementing targeted public policies to improve cultural and economic conditions, establish flexible educational programs, and promote dignified employment opportunities that recognize women’s capabilities regardless of socioeconomic background.

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Two Days No Rice policy implemented by the Regional Government of Sangihe Islands Regency in improving food security and reducing food dependence from outside the region, inhibiting factors and what can be done to overcome inhibiting factors in the implementation of the program. This research uses qualitative descriptive method with inductive approach. This research uses the theory of Policy Implementation by Van Meter & van Horn (1975) which contains six indicators with environmental, social, economic, and political dimensions. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out by data reduction techniques, data display, and data verification. The results of this study show that the Two Days No Rice Program has been running but has not been implemented properly and effectively in accordance with indicators from the social, economic, and political environmental dimensions. Obstacles found in program implementation are limited human resources and budget support, lack of political support, minimal food production, inadequate food facilities and infrastructure, and insufficient program transmission. Efforts made by the Food Security Office include socialization/tiered appeals, utilizing local food on Tuesdays and Fridays, providing capital assistance to farmers, and utilizing yards.

The political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) dimensions in a local community shape the adoption of specific nature-based solutions (NbS). This study provides crucial insights on NbS tailored to smallholder indigenous and peasant communities heavily reliant on water ecosystem services from headwater streams, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs in the páramo ecosystems of the central Ecuadorian Andes. Combining a multi-stakeholder workshop with bibliometric analysis, we developed a framework that integrates NbS with local communities’ PESTEL dimensions to sustain water ecosystem services. As a result, the lack of political will to sustain healthy aquatic ecosystems, urban-centered environmental investment, and agricultural expansion mainly influence the sustainability of water ecosystem services in the political, economic and environmental dimensions. Social, legal, and technological dimensions encompass community dissatisfaction, resistance to conservation, neglect of clean water and land use regulations, and limited innovation investment. Artificial floating islands and passive river restoration were the NbS adaptable to these PESTEL dimensions in our local communities. Artificial floating islands, a macrophyte-based technology that integrates community plant knowledge, are feasible even with limited financial resources. Passive river restoration complements them to promote headwater vegetation recovery and governance of water ecosystem services. Their integration supports drinking water supply, irrigation, fisheries, water purification, habitat conservation, soil formation carbon sequestration, and the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We provide decision-makers with a rigorous assessment of NbS for local communities, with the potential to scale to countries with similar contexts and highlight the need for future research to explore NbS in regional or national frameworks.

Automated workforce, financial precarities and family consumption: The importance of demand-side policies under the background of automation applications

Several frameworks and assessment tools exist to understand and evaluate community resilience to climate change and disasters. Yet limited research explicitly measures community resilience to health risks of a changing environment. This review aimed to identify and assess the dimensions and indicators of community resilience frameworks for the health and wellbeing impacts of environmental and climate change. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science), grey literature, and reference lists of included studies were systematically searched and screened using inclusion/exclusion criteria at the title and abstract level and then full-text, according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. Charted data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative synthesis methods, with dimensions and indicators coded and re-categorised to identify core resilience components and their co-occurrence. Across the 8243 studies screened, 11 unique dimensions and 41 indicator categories of community resilience were identified. The most common dimensions were economic, community capacity, social, and institutional and political dimensions, with no frameworks including both health and environmental dimensions. Consensus on how to measure common dimensions was lacking and many of the indicators required for a comprehensive assessment of health-related community resilience were inconsistently or infrequently employed. Overall, the capacity of the frameworks to account for socially differentiated impacts across a community, as well as factors relating to health and wellbeing, culture, communication and information, and knowledge, attitudes, and behavioural practices, was insufficient. Findings highlight the need for further studies focused explicitly on health impacts and hazards to establish greater consensus on core dimensions and indicators, including under-represented components and their interconnections. This review makes a strong case that community resilience frameworks for the health impacts of climate change will require greater integration of environmental and health dimensions; factors that more accurately reflect public health interests and dynamics; and equity considerations for unique place-based contexts.

In addition to influencing the growth and development of children and adolescents, school feeding plays a fundamental role in promoting sustainable diets and food systems. This scoping review aimed to identify the indicators used to assess the sustainability of school feeding programs. This review followed the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The information sources included the Scopus, Web of Science, Medline via PubMed, Lilacs, and Embase databases. Additionally, references from the included studies were searched to identify potentially eligible studies, as well as full-text articles published in the proceedings of national and international conferences and institutional publications aligned with the topic. Full-text articles in any language that used at least 1 objective indicator to assess the sustainability of school feeding were included. The data synthesis focused on 3 topics: study characteristics, sustainability dimension measured, and indicators by sustainability dimension. A total of 34 reports, published between 2010 and 2024, were included. The environmental dimension was assessed in 31 reports, followed by the health-nutritional dimension, which was evaluated in 19 reports. The primary environmental indicator was greenhouse gas emissions, calculated through life cycle assessment. In the health-nutritional dimension, the most frequently used indicator was the nutritional composition of meals, based on energy (kcal), macronutrients, and micronutrients. Only 4 studies proposed scales or indices to assess the sustainability of school meals, but none integrated the multiple dimensions of sustainability. The environmental and health-nutritional dimensions were the most frequently observed, while few studies addressed the economic, sociocultural, and political dimensions or used scales and indices to measure the sustainability of school feeding, highlighting an important gap to be addressed in future research.

Poland, with its objective of switching from a fossil‐fuel base to renewable sources of energy, is a textbook example of an energy transition economy. In this review, the challenges and opportunities for local resilience were identified, followed by an in‐depth analysis of Low Carbon Economy Plans (LCEP) in the 10 largest cities of Poland. The methodology included a bibliometric analysis of the peer‐reviewed studies published from 2010 to 2022, along with K‐means clustering (empirical analysis) of the selected Polish cities. The challenges and opportunities were classified into social (S), economic (E), institutional (I), political (P), technological (T) and environmental (EN) dimensions. Institutional and political dimensions were identified as having a relatively neglected niche in low‐carbon transition research, necessitating an empirical analysis of LCEP at the city scale. Exploiting the knowledge base of traditional sustainable activities, understanding the power relations between the politics, stakeholders and industry elements, and knowledge‐based governance were found vital for creating relevant policies. Three modes of development, multi‐activity goals (MG), energy transition goals (EG), and transport goals (TG) were identified for increasing local resilience. The results illustrate the need to understand low‐carbon policies and their impacts on both energy transitions and local resilience.

Lifestyle determinants of behavioural outcomes triggered by direct‐to‐consumer advertising of prescription medicines: a cross‐sectional study