Abstract
Lasing at the nanometre scale promises strong light-matter interactions and ultrafast operation. Plasmonic resonances supported by metallic nanoparticles have extremely small mode volumes and high field enhancements, making them an ideal platform for studying nanoscale lasing. At visible frequencies, however, the applicability of plasmon resonances is limited due to strong ohmic and radiative losses. Intriguingly, plasmonic nanoparticle arrays support non-radiative dark modes that offer longer life-times but are inaccessible to far-field radiation. Here, we show lasing both in dark and bright modes of an array of silver nanoparticles combined with optically pumped dye molecules. Linewidths of 0.2 nm at visible wavelengths and room temperature are observed. Access to the dark modes is provided by a coherent out-coupling mechanism based on the finite size of the array. The results open a route to utilize all modes of plasmonic lattices, also the high-Q ones, for studies of strong light-matter interactions, condensation and photon fluids.
Highlights
Lasing at the nanometre scale promises strong light-matter interactions and ultrafast operation
Strong coupling between plasmonic modes and ensembles of emitters has been demonstrated[1,2], and strong coupling even at the level of a few emitters has been reached at room temperature[3,4]
A new concept to access the dark modes is introduced, which is based on a gradual, coherent build-up of dipole moments in a finite lattice
Summary
Lasing at the nanometre scale promises strong light-matter interactions and ultrafast operation. Plasmonic resonances supported by metallic nanoparticles have extremely small mode volumes and high field enhancements, making them an ideal platform for studying nanoscale lasing. The results open a route to utilize all modes of plasmonic lattices, the high-Q ones, for studies of strong light-matter interactions, condensation and photon fluids. The fundamental tradeoff between the confinement of optical fields and losses[26] render plasmonic systems inherently lossy This motivates a search for hybrid modes where losses can be reduced by a narrow-linewidth component while still preserving the nearfield characteristics of the plasmonic component. Plasmonic dark modes are promising candidates for realizing lasing, single-emitter strong coupling, and photon fluids at visible wavelengths. We experimentally demonstrate lasing at the visible wavelengths in both bright and dark modes of the plasmonic lattice. A new concept to access the dark modes is introduced, which is based on a gradual, coherent build-up of dipole moments in a finite lattice
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