Abstract
Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) has recognized nutritive and antioxidant properties and many products are commercialized for health in food market. Besides its food use, goji has been the subject of more than 2000 years of traditional Chinese medicine, using berries, root bark, and leaves. Here, the potential of the liquid culture in temporary immersion system (TIS) by using the bioreactor PlantformTM was tested for the large-scale production of high-quality goji shoots and the subsequent production of total phenols and flavonoids. The three tested immersion cycles differently influenced the shoot quality in terms of proliferation and hyperhydricity. The best immersion cycle (time and frequency) was proven to have the shortest daily immersion time (6 min every 24 h) which ensured good levels of relative growth and multiplication rate, very limited onset of hyperydricity, and the longest shoots, promoting direct rooting after only 30 days of culture. In comparison with the semisolid culture, the TIS culture resulted in an increase of the total phenolic content (TPC) and in a lower value of the total flavonoid content (TFC). However, considering the higher quantity of biomass produced in the PlantformTM bioreactor, the difference in terms of TFC productivity between semisolid medium and TIS liquid culture was proven to be statistically equivalent.
Highlights
Goji, known as goji berry and wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.), belonging to Solanaceae family, is a shrub widely present in arid and semi-arid regions of China, Southeastern Europe, and the Mediterranean area [1]
In vitro germination of goji seeds was obtained at a rate of 90%
Our findings show that the increment of the immersion time produced a negative effect on shoots quality, and demonstrated the success of PlantformTM bioreactors for the micropropagation of goji in temporary immersion system (TIS) liquid culture by increasing the total biomass and the proliferation of shoots, following the selection of a suitable immersion time, compared to the classical culture in semisolid medium
Summary
Known as goji berry and wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.), belonging to Solanaceae family, is a shrub widely present in arid and semi-arid regions of China, Southeastern Europe, and the Mediterranean area [1]. This crop became very popular in the last few years due to its nutritive and antioxidant properties [1] and many products are commercialized for health in the food market. Goji has been the subject of more than 2000 years of traditional Chinese medicine, using the berries, and the root bark and the leaves. Plant tissue culture is considered a valuable technique for the production of bioactive compounds [2,3], as an alternative way to the exploit its natural habitat where, in addition, its harvesting is influenced by the plant growth stage, environmental stress, nutrition, and plant genetic [4].
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