Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System as an Efficient Method for Mass Production of In Vitro Plants in Horticulture and Medicinal Plants

Sung-Soo Pyo,Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy,So-Young Park,Seung-Won Yun,Ho-Dong Hwang,Suk-Hyun Kwon

doi:10.3390/agronomy12020346

Sung-Soo Pyo, Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020346

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Abstract

A temporary immersion system (TIS) bioreactor has been used as an efficient and cost-effective method for the in vitro propagation of many plant species. In the current study, the applicability of a TIS bioreactor for plantlet regeneration Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Fragaria × ananassa Duch., and Cnidium officinale Makino was studied. Shoot length, a number of leaves per regenerated shoot, fresh, and dry biomass of plantlets were optimal with the TIS compared to semi-solid and liquid immersion cultures. The leaf area in cryshanthmum, strawberry, and C. afficinale were 2.87 cm2, 3.51 cm2, and 1.43 cm2, respectively, in the plants regenerated by TIS. The photosynthetic pigments were highest in strawberry plants grown in TIS bioreactor culture, and there was no significant difference between semi-solid and liquid culture while the highest values were obtained in C. officinale maintained in semi-solid culture. The chrysanthemum and strawberry plants showed a 100% acclimatization rate in all culture systems. C. officinale plants showed the highest survival rate at 96.9%, which were regenerated in the TIS. TIS bioreactor culture, thus, provides a convenient method that could be adopted for commercial in vitro propagation of chrysanthemum, strawberry and C. officinale plants.

Highlights

In vitro culture of the plant is an effective technique for producing genetically homogeneous plants in horticulturally important species [1,2,3]
It is well known that the use of a semi-solid medium using conventional agar increases production costs by the gelling agent during commercial mass propagation and limits the possibility of automation; it is the main reason to increase the cost of in vitro culture products [4,5]
The photosynthetic pigments, Chl a (18.2 mg·g−1 FW), Chl b (6.7 mg·g−1 FW), and carotenoid (4.5 mg·g−1 FW), were the highest in strawberries grown in Temporary Immersion System (TIS) culture, and there was no significant difference between semi-solid and liquid culture while the highest values were obtained in C. officinale maintained in semi-solid culture (Figure 6)

Summary

Introduction

In vitro culture of the plant is an effective technique for producing genetically homogeneous plants in horticulturally important species [1,2,3]. It is well known that the use of a semi-solid medium using conventional agar increases production costs by the gelling agent during commercial mass propagation and limits the possibility of automation; it is the main reason to increase the cost of in vitro culture products [4,5] To overcome these bottlenecks of the conventional method of in vitro culture, a bioreactor culture method using a liquid medium was introduced. Temporary Immersion System (TIS) was introduced to the bioreactor culture to supplement the immersion culture method of bioreactor culture This system is a method of reducing hyperhydricity of plants and producing physiologically healthy plants by repeating the period in which the liquid medium ebb and flood the bioreactor for a certain period of time by a timer and solenoid valve [5]. Plantlets are immersed in the medium only temporarily to provide nutrients for growth, and the immersion period is followed by a drying period, thereby reducing hyperhydricity

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