Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 (KW3110) has anti-inflammatory effects and mitigates retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell damage caused by blue-light exposure. We investigated whether KW3110 suppresses chronic inflammatory stress-induced RPE cell damage by modulating immune cell activity and whether it improves ocular disorders in healthy humans. First, we showed that KW3110 treatment of mouse macrophages (J774A.1) produced significantly higher levels of interleukin-10 as compared with other lactic acid bacterium strains (all p < 0.01). Transferring supernatant from KW3110- and E. coli 0111:B4 strain and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (LPS/ATP)-stimulated J774A.1 cells to human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells suppressed senescence-associated phenotypes, including proliferation arrest, abnormal appearance, cell cycle arrest, and upregulation of cytokines, and also suppressed expression of tight junction molecule claudin-1. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study of healthy subjects (n = 88; 35 to below 50 years) ingesting placebo or KW3110-containing supplements for 8 weeks showed that changes in critical flicker frequency, an indicator of eye fatigue, from the week-0 value were significantly larger in the KW3110 group at weeks 4 (p = 0.040) and 8 (p = 0.036). These results suggest that KW3110 protects ARPE-19 cells against premature senescence and aberrant expression of tight junction molecules caused by chronic inflammatory stress, and may improve chronic eye disorders including eye fatigue.
Highlights
A variety of living organisms have an evolved immune system to fight off infections or other stresses
Our study demonstrated that a specific strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), KW3110, induced IL-10 production and inhibited IL-1β production in macrophages to a greater extent than other LAB tested in the study
We showed that KW3110 suppressed human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell senescence and the aberrant expression of tight junction molecules induced by chronic inflammatory stress signals from macrophages
Summary
A variety of living organisms have an evolved immune system to fight off infections or other stresses. Characteristics of the58Subjects the supervising physician, and were randomly assigned to the placebo or KW3110 group 72 of 160 participants attending the screening test were excluded in accordance with the with the exclusion criteria, of the 86 subjects who finished the study (n = 43 per group), six were inclusion and exclusion criteria; as a result, 88 subjects (30 male, 58 female) were judged eligible by excluded from primary and secondary endpoint evaluation by the supervising physician before the the supervising physician, and were randomly assigned to the placebo or KW3110 group There were no significant differences in any parameters blinding was revealed because they did not follow the compliance rules
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