La pandemie, un impossible «grand recit»?

Abstract. The author of the article determined the state-legal nature of the danger of the phenomenon of ″rashism″ and made attempts to systematize the state-legal aspects of threats based on the effects on cultural and social life. It was established that the main factors of danger in social and cultural life are: inviolable anti-humanistic socio-cultural policy; there is no culture of international law; a developed policy of distorting real events; lack of culture of high-tech production; self-reliance due to nuclear weapons; socially dangerous orientation of the aggressor country. All these factors reveal the state-legal nature of the danger of the phenomenon of ″racism″ in terms of its impact on social and cultural life. Such a policy is oriented towards the neglect of human and children's rights; ignoring norms of international humanitarian law and basic constitutional principles; the growth of innovative parasitism; violation of international rules of nuclear and radiation safety; the development of policies aimed at socially dependent, low-culture people. All examples of ″rashism″ given in the article confirmed the existence of a powerful mechanism of state influence, which operates in two directions: against one's own people (in the country of the aggressor); against other nations (outside the aggressor country). Such a policy of Russia contradicts the ascending legal principles, universal human values and, accordingly, threatens the security of mankind. At the same time, if the aggressor state uses violence against its citizens, cultural figures do not react to it, or find all kinds of excuses for it. In the case of criminal acts against other peoples, cultural figures direct their efforts to support the misanthropic policy of their state. In this matter, the study of the national legislation of Ukraine through the prism of its provisions that make it possible to effectively fight against manifestations of fascism is promising. Elucidation of these issues will make it possible to distinguish responsibility for crimes characteristic of rashism. Key words: state, legal nature, security, fascism, rashism, human and citizen rights and freedoms, international humanitarian law, rule of law, war crimes, aggressor country, social and cultural life.

I review the literature on the effects of inequality on growth and development in the developing world. Two stylized facts emerge from empirical studies: inequality is more likely to harm growth in countries at low levels of income (below about $3200 per capita in 2000 dollars); and it is at high levels of inequality (at or above a Gini coefficient of .45) that a negative association emerges. Between 15 and 40 percent of the developing world's population lives in countries with these characteristics, depending on the inclusion of China, whose level of inequality has recently been measured at almost .45. Theory and evidence suggest that high inequality affects growth: (1) through interaction with incomplete and underdeveloped markets for capital and information; (2) by discouraging the evolution of the economic and political institutions associated with accountable government (which in turn enable a market environment conducive to investment and growth); and (3) by undermining the civic and social life that sustains effective collective decision-making.

I review the literature on the effects of inequality on growth and development in the developing world. Two stylized facts emerge from empirical studies: inequality is more likely to harm growth in countries at low levels of income (below about $3200 per capita in 2000 dollars); and it is at high levels of inequality (at or above a Gini coefficient of .45) that a negative association emerges. Between 15 and 40 percent of the developing world's population lives in countries with these characteristics, depending on the inclusion of China, whose level of inequality has recently been measured at almost .45. Theory and evidence suggest that high inequality affects growth: (1) through interaction with incomplete and underdeveloped markets for capital and information; (2) by discouraging the evolution of the economic and political institutions associated with accountable government (which in turn enable a market environment conducive to investment and growth); and (3) by undermining the civic and social life that sustains effective collective decision-making. The Center for Global Development is an independent think tank that works to reduce global poverty and inequality through rigorous research and active engagement with the policy community. Use and dissemination of this working paper is encouraged, however reproduced copies may not be used for commercial purposes. Further usage is permitted under the terms of the Creative Commons License. The views expressed are those of the author and should not be attributed to the directors or funders of the Center for Global Development. JEL codes: O11, O15, O43. Income distribution, inequality, poverty, growth, development, institutions

Land was first purchased at Box Hill, Surrey, on the North Downs, to save a famous viewpoint in 1914. Safeguarding the remainder of Box Hill from development necessitated public appeals in 1919, 1923, 1926 and 1935. Led by the largely autonomous Box Hill Management Committee, and often supported by Country Life, voluntary social action in Surrey and London was mobilised to preserve adjoining land for the National Trust by accretion, intent on avoiding spoliation by villas on winding drives, extensive tree felling, streets of bungalows, and highway construction. Sub-national piecemeal protection and voluntary vigilance sustained delight in the country by subscribers who affirmed their familiarity with Box Hill, where views, trees and sequestered spaces on low and high ground offered quiet enjoyment amid common nature. Using sources which originated in the hill’s management, complemented by Country Life and newspaper reports, the article evaluates the interrelationship of locality and nation during the subscription appeals, with reference to private acts of informal benevolence and personal sense-impressions of Box Hill. The importance of providing respite from congested districts, on unembellished former wooded pasture in its natural state, is explored before sufficient national political consensus arose for the statutory protection of open country. In 1944 the Greater London Plan demanded that remaining unspoiled chalk country should be taken into public possession.

A research on hydrogen production from industrial waste heat by thermal water splitting

This paper examines the existence Pabbagang In the village of the District Ponrang Ponrang Luwu Regency (1970-2016). The results of this study on Ponrang Pabbagang in the village at the time and the traditional era, the modern age and socio-economic life and system for the results. This research shows the beginning where pabbagang Village Ponrang, the origin of the naming Pabbagang and discuss the performance of pabbagang traditional performance pabbagang modern as well as how the system of revenue sharing between the owners of capital or owner bagang in every era with pabbagang itself where the system for the results in applied is tesan system, and how the competition between traditional pabbagang with modern pabbagang, and work system in laukan by pabbagang when in the butterflyfish (marine). The main fishing gear being the principal fishing gear used by the fishing village of Ponrang namely Bagang, where in the era of traditional fishermen using bagang step while in the modern era using motion bagang Ponrang village in which the people call Bagang Rambo. and the village social system Pabbagang Ponrang influenced by everyday life of fishermen at the time of the search process fish, In the 1980s Ponrang Pabbagang society has entered the modern era where fishermen are already using modern fishing gear as well. since the social and economic life has improved, and the result of it is also the case that fundamental changes in lifestyle Ponrang village society especially those who cultivate the profession as a fisherman pabbagang or in terms of economic level of society. and the village social system Pabbagang Ponrang influenced by everyday life of fishermen at the time of the search process fish, In the 1980s Ponrang Pabbagang society has entered the modern era where fishermen are already using modern fishing gear as well. since the social and economic life has improved, and the result of it is also the case that fundamental changes in lifestyle Ponrang village society especially those who cultivate the profession as a fisherman pabbagang or in terms of economic level of society. and the village social system Pabbagang Ponrang influenced by everyday life of fishermen at the time of the search process fish, In the 1980s Ponrang Pabbagang society has entered the modern era where fishermen are already using modern fishing gear as well. since the social and economic life has improved, and the result of it is also the case that fundamental changes in lifestyle Ponrang village society especially those who cultivate the profession as a fisherman pabbagang or in terms of economic level of society. This research is descriptive analysis using historical methods, through the stages of the stages of work which includes; Heusristik, interpretation and Histriografi criticism. As the concept of Social Sciences sociology used to analyze the relevant issues, particularly in assessing the socio-economic life associated with changes in social life in fishing communities

This research aims at: (1) describing the social and religious life of Bugis people in Creating Harmony at Soppe Island, BatuPutih Village, Poleang Selatan District of Bombana Regency. The theory for reading this research refers to Clifford Geertz's thoughts on Ethos, Worldview and Analysis of Sacred Symbols with qualitative methods. Soppe Island Hamlet is a village inhabited by Bugis people whose community lives always work together, care for each other and help with a deep sense of kinship among them. Community relations are familial in nature, which they refer to a term of situndrung, which means one trip is implemented in social, economic, religious, and kinship life. In social life they help one another, in the economy they lend one another to the means of production and consumption, that is location and fishing gear, in their kinship, they regar on one blood so that they care about one another, including in educating neighboring children and providing treatment to their sick neighbors and in religion interlocking each other and remindingeach others for good things. The religious life of the residents of Soppeisland Hamlet are always praying in congregation, taking part in majelistaklim activities for the ladies as a place for them to improve their religious knowledge and to establish communication with other fellow citizens, carrying out barazanji and carrying out mabaca-bacatradition as a form of expression of feelings gratitude to God Almighty by eating together, sharing food with neighbors and for establishing friendship with others.Keywords: Social life, religion, harmony, Bugis peoplethey regar on one blood so that they care about one another, including in educating neighboring children and providing treatment to their sick neighbors and in religion interlocking each other and remindingeach others for good things. The religious life of the residents of Soppeisland Hamlet are always praying in congregation, taking part in majelistaklim activities for the ladies as a place for them to improve their religious knowledge and to establish communication with other fellow citizens, carrying out barazanji and carrying out mabaca-bacatradition as a form of expression of feelings gratitude to God Almighty by eating together, sharing food with neighbors and for establishing friendship with others.Keywords: Social life, religion, harmony, Bugis people

The issue of societal pluralism has become one of the controversial topics nowadays and the focus of many researchers, particularly since the last decade of the twentieth century. This study aims to clarify one of the dimensions of this topic, which is how societal pluralism affects the political system of countries distinguished by ethnic, national, linguistic, religious or sectarian diversity. Accordingly, the problem of this study revolves around a main question, which is: What is the impact of societal pluralism on the structures and functions of the political system? The study came to the conclusion that societal pluralism represents a major motive of many aspects of political, social, economic and cultural life in countries whose societies are characterized by ethnic, national, linguistic, religious or sectarian diversity, which casts a shadow on how the structures of the political system of those countries are formed and how it performs its functions, especially in developing countries or newly emerging ones, which may suffer as a result of their failure to manage this pluralism from conflicts, turmoil and civil wars that not only threaten the stability of the political system, but also the fate of some of those countries as well. Accordingly, the study was divided into an introduction and three sections: the first section deals with; a theoretical framework for the concepts of societal pluralism and the political system, while the second section deals with; how does societal pluralism affect the formation of the structures of the political system, while the third section deals with; how does societal pluralism affect the performance of the functions of the political system. The study ends with a conclusion that includes the most important conclusions we reached, with a list of the study’s sources.

The current era is marked by an unparalleled level of human migration, the consequence of both recent and long-term political, economic, cultural, social, demographic and technological developments. Despite increased efforts to limit its size and consequences, migration has wide-ranging impacts upon social, environmental, economic, political, and cultural life in countries of origin and settlement. Such transformations impact not only those who are migrating, but those who are left behind, as well as those who live in the areas where migrants settle. The Handbook of Migration Studies offers a conceptual approach to the study of international migration, exploring clearly the many modes of exit, reception and incorporation which involve varied populations in disparate political, economic, social and cultural contexts. How do these movements also facilitate the transmission of ideologies and identities, political and cultural practices and economic resources? Uniquely among texts in the subject area, the Handbook also provides a section devoted to exploring methods for studying international migration. Featuring forty-seven essays written by leading international and multidisciplinary scholars, the Routledge International Handbook of Migration Studies offers a contemporary, integrated and comprehensive resource for students and scholars of sociology, politics, human geography, law, history, urban planning, journalism, and health care.

The issue of societal pluralism has become one of the controversial topics nowadays and the focus of many researchers, particularly since the last decade of the twentieth century. This study aims to clarify one of the dimensions of this topic, which is how societal pluralism affects the political system of countries distinguished by ethnic, national, linguistic, religious or sectarian diversity. Accordingly, the problem of this study revolves around a main question, which is: What is the impact of societal pluralism on the structures and functions of the political system? The study came to the conclusion that societal pluralism represents a major motive of many aspects of political, social, economic and cultural life in countries whose societies are characterized by ethnic, national, linguistic, religious or sectarian diversity, which casts a shadow on how the structures of the political system of those countries are formed and how it performs its functions, especially in developing countries or newly emerging ones, which may suffer as a result of their failure to manage this pluralism from conflicts, turmoil and civil wars that not only threaten the stability of the political system, but also the fate of some of those countries as well. Accordingly, the study was divided into an introduction and three sections: the first section deals with; a theoretical framework for the concepts of societal pluralism and the political system, while the second section deals with; how does societal pluralism affect the formation of the structures of the political system, while the third section deals with; how does societal pluralism affect the performance of the functions of the political system. The study ends with a conclusion that includes the most important conclusions we reached, with a list of the study’s sources.

In 2001, alongside the Sixth International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific (ICAAP) in Melbourne, the then Australian Foreign Minister, Alexander Downer, hosted a meeting aimed at regional foreign and finance ministers. Almost all countries invited sent their health ministers, apparently disregarding Minister Downer’s acknowledgement that HIV/AIDS is far more than a health issue. Despite 20 years of trying to situate AIDS within broader frameworks it is still regarded by most people, and many governments, as just another health issue. Yet already in the mid-1980s the United Nations Development Program was developing sophisticated analyses of the relationship between AIDS and development that made clear it was an issue that cut across almost all aspects of social, economic and political life in countries with major epidemics (Reid 1995).

With the explosion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the digitalization of economic, social, and cultural life in countries around the world is changing rapidly, and education is no exception. The development of science, technology, and engineering is altering the way teaching and learning are conducted, necessitating changes in teaching methods and learning approaches. This article will elucidate the impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on teaching and learning, and propose some positive teaching methods for current political theory subjects.

The movement of goods and passengers between port cities not only stimulates growth in coastal trading networks and centers but also inevitably changes the social and economic lives of people in these port cities and, subsequently, of their fellow compatriots farther inland. Studies of port cities have focused on the interactive political and economic relationship between trading centers. The center of attention in this book is socioeconomic life and cultural identity, which are shaped by the movement of goods, people, knowledge, and information, particularly when the community faces a crisis. Transnational studies focus on cross-border connections between people, institutions, commodities, and ideas, with an emphasis on their global presence. This book looks at the responses of different localities to the same global crisis. It gathers a selection of the fifty papers presented at the conference on "Coping with Transnational Crisis: Chinese Economic and Social Lives in East Asian Port Cities, 1850-1950," held in Hong Kong on June 7-11, 2016. The period from the 1850s to the outbreak of war in the Pacific in the late 1930s encompasses two major transnational crises with significant impacts on the Chinese population in Southeast Asian port cities in terms of their way of living and the construction of their identity: the emergence of bubonic plague in the 1880s and 1920s and the global economic crisis in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The authors discuss the social and economic lives in various South East Asian port cities where many residents had to cope with these transnational crises. They do so through examining institutional measurements, rituals and festivals, communication, knowledge and information exchange as well as identity (re)construction. In addition, they explore how local communities responded to knowledge and information between the port cities and cities as well as inland locations. The chapters in this book offer solid grounds for future comparisons, not only based on a specific time or event but also on how society reacted over time, space, and various types of crises.

West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) is recorded as a province with a fairly high rate of young marriage (merariq kodek), especially in East Lombok then North Lombok. Many factors cause underage marriages, including factors due to love, economic factors, matchmaking factors, dropping out of school, and pregnancy outside of marriage. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of family social and economic life on early marriage. The method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach, in general there are 33 samples (respondents) but after using the sample calculation technique with the Slovin formula, 30 respondents can be drawn, the respondents consist of various backgrounds of married age, different occupations. All data were processed by multiple regression analysis by looking at the validity test, reliability, classical assumption test (data normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test) and hypothesis testing using the F test and t test. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of family social and economic life on early marriage. This is indicated by the simultaneous test results of F count of Early Marriage at (45.191) with a probability level (0.000) which means that together the Social and Economic Life of the Family has a share in influencing Early Marriage in the hamlets of Penyenggir, Manggong and Batu Gapit. 3) From the significant test it is also proven that each independent variable also has a significant effect on the dependent variable. Social life variable (X1) has a significant influence on early marriage in the villages of Penyenggir, Manggong and Batu Gapit. This is indicated by t count (4.537) with p value (sig) 0.000 smaller than 0.05, meaning that social life has a role in influencing early marriage in the village of West Sikur. The family economic variable (X2) also has a significant effect on early marriage in the village of West Sikur. This is indicated by t count (3.735) with a p value (sig) of 0.001, which is below 0.05, which means that the family economy has a role in influencing early marriage in the hamlets of Penyenggir, Manggong and Batu Gapit.

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