Abstract

Origin of the Ecosystem concept. The ecosystem concept which was introduced by Tansley in 1935 does not simply proceed from the application to ecology of a "general systems theory" but belongs to the intrinsic history of ecology and of biogeography. The theoretical debates arising from it bring into play from the beginning a series of relations between man and nature, the living and non-living, unity and multiplicity. Three texts have played an important part in the development of this concept : a pioneer text by S.A. Forbes (1887), the fundamental text of Tansley (1935), and a first quantitative approach to energetic relations within the ecosystem (Lindeman, 1942).

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