Abstract
The aim of the research presented in this paper is to assess the competitive potential of Polish agriculture (potential competitiveness) and the competitive position of the Polish agri-food sector on the Single European Market (SEM) with reference to the global context. The conducted research has proven that Polish agriculture, while having significant production potential (potential competitiveness) on a European scale, is at the same time characterized by the significant structural deficiencies of this potential, which may adversely affect he competitive position of Polish agriculture in the future. Poland’s inclusion in the SEM area and the adoption of the rules of the Common Commercial Policy resulted in the creation and diversion of trade in agri-food products, and the comparative advantages achieved on the SEM became a source of favorable export specialization, allowing for relatively good use of the currently existing potential of agriculture and the food industry. This has resulted in the relatively good competitive position of the Polish agri-food sector on the SEM. However, in the long term, the ability to maintain or improve competitiveness in the future will be determined by competitive potential. The Polish agri-food sector has significant potential to increase exports and strengthen its competitive position (also on non-EU markets), provided that strong foundations for the sector are built, including an improvement in competitive potential.
Highlights
Competitiveness derives from competition and is its element (Skawińska, 2002)
The increasing processes of globalization and integration are changing the economic environment. They are a source of institutional factors externally determining the course of the processes of competition on regional and international markets, and on the other, they force the measurement of more broadly defined internal and external determinants of competitiveness of the assessed entities and stimulate actions aimed at optimal use of their potential to achieve a certain competitive position
The aim of the research presented in the paper is to assess the competitive potential of Polish agriculture and the competitive position of the Polish agri-food sector on the Single European Market in the global context
Summary
Competitiveness derives from competition and is its element (Skawińska, 2002). In the conditions of a market economy, competition with other entities, understood as mutual rivalry aimed at achieving benefits related to operation on the ‘ domestic and international markets (Misala, 2007), is an inherent element of the operation of every economic entity and, at the same time, one of the basic mechanisms of the economy. In order to assess the advantages of the relationships between the factors of production in Polish agriculture, it is important to compare them with the corresponding relationships in SEM countries, with agriculture in countries where, due to weather conditions, there is a similar structure of agricultural production, i.e., with agriculture in Central, Western, and Northern Europe (Table 3) This comparison was made by designating three levels of relationship between resources or input of labor, land, and capital, where: (1) good relationship exceeds the average values in EU agriculture, (2) relationship in the range of average values, (3) relationship below the range of average values in EU agriculture. In the conditions of globalization of the world economy, the competitiveness of national economies and their sectors is determined to a large extent by having production structures equipped with capital resources and managed by people open to changes in technological processes, as well as assimilating and implementing innovations The increase in the number of threshold and higher-level groups proves that running farms in a specific area and/or generating output at the threshold level is still considered a profitable economic activity worth developing and investing in (Czubak, Poczta, and Rowiński, 2019)
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