Abstract
What comes to mind when thinking about the Code of Hammurabi is the famous phrase: eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth. It is an example of cruel punishment. However the Code, a collection of royal sentences which dates back to 19th century B.C., contains surprisingly modern regulations. First of all, the law was accessible to all. The Code had been inscribed in stone columns which were placed in temples. Modern courts of law try to block the publication of their sentences. This problem is solved with different efficiency depending of the country. Second, Hammurabi wanted his law to be permanent. He cursed his successors who would like to change his Code. In present day Poland the VAT law had been changed over 40 times in 2011 and 2012 alone. Third, the sentences in the Code were straightforward. This made faith in authorities and trust between people possible. Today, if one kills a man, one can e sentenced to life imprisonment or to probation. That situation destroys faith in justice. Fourth, the foundations of Hammurabi’s law were values. He wanted to protect the vulnerable and to get rid of the bad. Present day law is not aimed at preserving values. It is just a law. Th is short review of Hammurabi’s achievement from the perspective of modern law makes one miss the 4000 years old law.
Highlights
Na Kodeks Hammurabiego można patrzeć z perspektywy wielu nauk
Zaniechanie tej konserwacji groziło wysokimi odszkodowaniami i zaprzedaniem w niewolę
Niewykluczone, że postrzegane z dzisiejszego punktu widzenia jako wysokie, urzędowe stopy procentowe były niższe od tradycyjnie pobieranych
Summary
Kodeks Hammurabiego zachował się do naszych czasów, gdyż został wykuty w kamieniu. Kamienna stella z jego tekstem jest przechowywana w Luwrze. Została ona odnaleziona na przełomie lat 1901 i 1902 w Suzie (obecnie Iran) przez francuską ekspedycję archeologiczną. Odnaleziono również fragmenty dwóch innych stelli z tekstem Kodeksu Hammurabiego. Kodeks Praw Hammurabiego, króla Babilonu (1792–1750 przed Chr.), wywiezionym z Babilonii do Suzy (w Iranie) jako łup wojenny w XII wieku przed Chr. (napis na tabliczce u podnóża stelli w Luwrze)[2]. Tekst na stelli został wykuty w piśmie klinowym.
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