Abstract
The kinetics of phase-transfer-catalysed reversible or irreversible SN2 substitution of an organic substrate RY by an aqueous electrolyte X– has been studied theoretically, in order to analyse the poisoning effect due to a foreign counter ion Z– of the phase-transfer catalyst. The foreign ion, although introduced in catalytic amount, deactivates a portion of the phase-transfer catalyst. This results in a slower reaction, although it may go to completion or to equilibrium conversion. However, the poisoning effect is negligibly small when the selectivity extraction constant Kz/xsel⩽ 1 at equal initial reactant concentrations and when Kz/xsel⩽ 10 at a ten-fold electrolyte concentration. Under these conditions, the reaction rates depend linearly on the overall' onium salt concentration in the organic phase.
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