Abstract
Kinetics and thermodynamics of gossypol extraction from defatted cottonseed meal by ethanol Gossypol is polyphenolic aldehyde, a toxic substance naturally present in cotton plant to protect it from insects, pests and diseases. Maximum gossypol is concentrated in the seed. After extraction of oil from the cottonseed, the defatted cottonseed meal which contains both the gossypol and proteinous matter is left behind. A number of attempts have been made using different solvents to extract gossypol from the seeds. However, all these efforts have remained in the realm of academic activity only as none of them could be commercialized. If a pilot plant or commercial scale plant is to be developed then the data on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the extraction process is required. In this study ethanol has been used as the solvent at temperature below 323K for removal of gossypol from the defatted seed. This study finds the effects of parameters viz. temperature, solvent to solid ratio (SR) and extraction time on the gossypol extraction efficiency. The data obtained are used to establish the kinetics and thermodynamics of the extraction process.
Highlights
Gossypol (C30H30O8), polyphenolic aldehyde, a yellow pigment present in cotton plant (Gossypium Species) in the form of small discrete structures called pigment glands of size 50–400 microns[1] is a highly toxic substance
Gossypol is present in the free form while being in the gland but as soon as these glands are ruptured, gossypol forms a complex with the proteinous part of the seed that results in a non toxic bound gossypol[3]
The laboratory reagent grade hexane and ethanol supplied by Fisher, India were used to de-fat the seeds and gossypol extraction respectively
Summary
Gossypol (C30H30O8), polyphenolic aldehyde, a yellow pigment present in cotton plant (Gossypium Species) in the form of small discrete structures called pigment glands of size 50–400 microns[1] is a highly toxic substance. It is distributed in all parts of the cotton plant and works as a natural defense system for the cotton plant due to its toxicity. Gossypol was reported to be one of the strongest antioxidants found in nature. Researchers in the USSR found gossypol to be an effective antioxidant-stabilizer for PVC, polypropylene, in cement mixtures for road foundations to increase the life of the road and cold resistance and to decrease water absorption. A new use of gossypol as an anticancer drug[11], pesticide for the control of urban and agricultural pests[12], has been reported
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