Key issues of Marxist Doctrine on the State in the First Half of the 20th Century

Abstract

The article examines the evolution of Marxist state theory in the first half of the 20th century, with particular emphasis on the period following the October Revolution of 1917. The author analyzes key aspects of Marxist-Leninist doctrine on the state, including the concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the issue of eliminating class differences between peasantry and workers, and questions of overcoming commodity forms and bureaucracy. The study investigates both theoretical and practical aspects of socialist construction in the conditions of a backward agrarian country, which Russia was at the time. Special attention is given to the analysis of works by V. I. Lenin, J. V. Stalin, L. D. Trotsky, I. Bukharin, and other Marxist theorists. The article examines mechanisms facilitating the movement towards a class less society and analyzes specific manifestations of the state’s withering away during the process of socialist construction. The study draws conclusions about the developmental trends of the socialist state and the role of the dictatorship of the proletariat in this process. The article emphasizes the dialectical relationship between the theoretical propositions of Marxism and their practical implementation in specific historical conditions.