Abstract

Gua Dudumunir memiliki keunikan, karena keletakannya yang berada tidak jauh dari garis Pantai di Pulau Arguni. Telah beberapa kali dilakukan survei di Gua Dudumunir, tetapi belum dilakukan penelitian arkeologis yang intensif yang berkaitan dengan penghunian gua. Survei tahun 2015 menunjukkan bahwa permukaan lantai aktual gua dipenuhi oleh cangkang moluska, tulang binatang, dan fragmen gerabah. Oleh karena itu, pada tahun 2018 dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan memahami karakteristik penghunian Gua Dudumunir pada masa lampau berdasarkan tinggalan arkeologisnya. Dengan demikian, sasarn penelitian ini adalah i) temuan arkeologis di situs Gua Dudumunir yang menggambarkan gua tersebut sebagai tempat bermukim pada masa lampau, termasuk fungsi artefak-artefaknya; dan ii) pola pemanfaatan gua tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-analitik, dan diawali dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka, survei, dan ekskavasi. Ekskavasi dilakukan dengan membuka dua kotak ekskavasi, yaitu U1B1/KT1 dan DDM/FF/KT2. Dari hasil pembukaan dua kotak ekskavasi diketahui keragaman tinggalan arkeologis yang terdiri atas i) alat batu; ii) alat dan perhiasan tulang; iii) sisa-sisa fauna vertebrata dan invertebrate, serta tulang manusia; iv) gerabah, v) sisa-sisa arang; vi) bongkahan lepas batu kuarsa, rijang, dan oker, serta vii) tinggalan perang dunia berupa koin mata uang. Keragaman temuan berikut konteksnya mendukung kesimpulan bahwa Gua Dudumunir adalah multicomponent site sebagai tempat hunian pada masa prasejarah, tempat penguburan, dan tempat persembunyian.
 Gua Dudumunir is unique because it is located not far from the coastline on Arguni Island. Several surveys have been conducted at Gua Dudumunir, but no intensive archaeological research has been carried out relating to cave-dwelling. A 2015 survey showed that the cave floor was littered with mollusc shells, animal bones, and potsherds. Therefore, in 2018 research was carried out to understand the characteristics of cave-dwelling at Gua Dudumunir in the past based on archaeological remains. Thus, the targets of this research are i) archaeological items that may illustrate the type of activities within the cave, including the function of the artifacts; and ii) the pattern of cave usage. This research is descriptive-analytic and begins with data collection through literature studies, surveys, and excavations. The excavation was carried out by opening two excavation trenches i.e., U1B1/KT1 and DDM/FF/KT2. The two excavation trenches yielded a diversity of archaeological remains consisting of i) stone tools; ii) bone tools and adornment; iii) remains of vertebrate and invertebrate fauna, as well as human bones; iv) pottery, v) charcoal remains; vi) chunks of quartz, chert and ochre, and vii) currency coins from the world war period. The diversity of findings and their context support the conclusion that Gua Dudumunir is a multi-component site as a prehistoric dwelling place, burial place, and hiding place.

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