Abstract
A newly emerged duck parvovirus, which causes beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) in Cherry Valley ducks, has appeared in Northern China since March 2015. To explore the genetic diversity among waterfowl parvovirus isolates, the complete genome of an identified isolate designated SDLC01 was sequenced and analyzed in the present study. Genomic sequence analysis showed that SDLC01 shared 90.8%–94.6% of nucleotide identity with goose parvovirus (GPV) isolates and 78.6%–81.6% of nucleotide identity with classical Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of 443 nucleotides (nt) of the fragment A showed that SDLC01 was highly similar to a mule duck isolate (strain D146/02) and close to European GPV isolates but separate from Asian GPV isolates. Analysis of the left inverted terminal repeat regions revealed that SDLC01 had two major segments deleted between positions 160–176 and 306–322 nt compared with field GPV and MDPV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of Rep and VP1 encoded by two major open reading frames of parvoviruses revealed that SDLC01 was distinct from all GPV and MDPV isolates. The viral pathogenicity and genome characterization of SDLC01 suggest that the novel GPV (N-GPV) is the causative agent of BADS and belongs to a distinct GPV-related subgroup. Furthermore, N-GPV sequences were detected in diseased ducks by polymerase chain reaction and viral proliferation was demonstrated in duck embryos and duck embryo fibroblast cells.
Highlights
Waterfowl parvoviruses cause high morbidity and mortality in goslings and Muscovy ducklings, with mortality rates between 10% and 80% and even up to 95%[1]
SDLC01 was closest to the D146/02 strain, which was isolated from a diseased mule duck with beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) in France[7]
The partial VP3 gene sequences of the four novel GPV (N-GPV) isolates shared 91.4%–99.5% identity at DNA level and 93.9%–98.6% identity at the amino acid level with goose parvovirus isolates, and 78.1%–79.0% identity at the DNA level and 79.6%–82.3% identity at the amino acid level with Muscovy duck parvovirus isolates. These results suggested that the four N-GPV isolates from this study likely represented a GPVrelated virus
Summary
Waterfowl parvoviruses cause high morbidity and mortality in goslings and Muscovy ducklings, with mortality rates between 10% and 80% and even up to 95%[1]. Most goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) isolates are virulent and pathogenic to young animals[2]. This disease is characterized by anorexia, prostration, watery diarrhea, enteric symptoms, and death. Survived young birds and infected older birds show degenerative skeletal muscle myopathy and growth retardation[3,4,5]. The disease, known as Derzsy’s disease, causes great economic losses in waterfowl husbandry.
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