Abstract
Because of the limitation of lipid sources from animal and plant, there are great interest searches to finding new alternative lipid sources such as microbial cells that can be used as a key player in different applications such as biodiesel production as well as pharmaceutical and food industries. Therefore, ten sediment and seawater samples were collected from different marine environments for oleaginous yeast isolation purposes. A total of 20 yeast isolates were obtained and screened to accumulate intracellular fatty acids using Nile red staining under a fluorescence microscope as well as Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) dye at A485nm. Amongst all isolates, two yeast isolates namely C5, and L4 have exhibited the best results for cellular lipid content accumulation. They showed the highest potentiality of lipid accumulation from 14.3 to 15.1gl-1, respectively of dry mass and the percent of lipid content appeared from 25.4 to 28.2%, respectively when cultured on YPD medium at 25°C. Based on phenotypic and genotypic criteria these isolates were identified as Candida parapsilosis C5 and Cryptococcus albidus L4. The study of fatty acids profile composition of these isolates showed that linoleic acid (C18:2), gama-Linolenic acid (C18), oleic acid (C18:1), stearic acid (C18:0), and palmitic acid (C16:0) are the main fatty acids produced that similar to those present in plant oils. The main fatty acids obtained by both strains represent ≃76 % and 91% for isolate C5 and L4, respectively. Also, these strains displayed 68-70% of unsaturated fatty acids and produced an appropriate amount of saturated fatty acids ranged between 30.5 to 32 % of the total fatty acids make these strains a suitable solution to solve many global problems related to dietary supplements, diseases treatment, and energy renewable sources such as biodiesel production.
Highlights
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs ) are essential components of phospholipid cell membranes, regulating the fluidity of cellular membranes and modulating enzyme activities, carriers, and membrane receptors as well as it may be useful in the prevention and management of many chronic diseases such as problems resulted from auto-immune disorders, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory and coronary heart disease, atopic eczema, major depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer dementia and multiple sclerosis (Yeung et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2019).Fish is the most important dietary source of PUFAs for humans, as well as a good source of vitamins, proteins, and minerals
This study aimed to isolate, identify, and screen for oleaginous marine yeast strains with high specific growth rates and high cellular lipid content that could be used as the precursor of PUFA production as well as study the characterization of fatty acid profiles obtained by these strains
A total of 20 yeast isolates were obtained from different marine samples collected from two harbors from the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea in Egypt
Summary
Fish is the most important dietary source of PUFAs for humans, as well as a good source of vitamins, proteins, and minerals. Most experts believe that the average person can eat at least two portions of fish every week one of them preferred to be oily (Mohanty et al, 2019). As the world's population and demand for seafood grow, and wild catch fisheries exceed over their exploitable limits, because more fish bound for the table market is being farmed. During the past few decades, aquaculture has been the fastest-growing, animal-food-producing industry, outpacing population growth, and provides roughly half of the world's fish and seafood for human requirements (Sprague et al, 2016)
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